天荒坪抽水蓄能电站输水系统设计

天荒坪工程上游输水系统为斜井，一洞三机，输水道总长与平均发电水头的比值为２．５。６台机组有两个相同的水力单元，中心距为５９．５４ｍ，承受６８０ｍ的最大静水头，输水系统全长１４３５ｍ。尾水部分长２４５．３～２５３．８ｍ，为单机单洞，共６条尾水洞。岔管采用钢筋混凝土结构，平底两次分岔，分岔角度为６０°。高压钢管承受最大内压为８．７ＭＰａ，近厂房段钢管按明管设计，离厂房边线１８ｍ外按埋管设计并考虑钢管、衬砌和围岩三者联合作用。为保证钢衬回填质量，高压钢管均不设加劲环，在回填混凝土和回填浆液中掺适量微膨胀剂，并采用设置排水廊道和钢管外排水等措施降低外水压力。经充水试验观察，高压钢管部位缝隙值小于设计值，外水压力接近零，效果较好。     

Preparation and electrochemical performance of nanosized Co3O4 via hydrothermal method

The hydrotalcite-type cobalt compounds were prepared through oxidation of Co（OH）2 gel using NH4OH as precipitating agent and H2O2 as oxidant. These hydrotalcite-type cobalt compounds were transformed into Co3O4 through hydrothermal decomposition with nanostructural deformation. The precursor and product were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared（FT-IR） spectrum, X-ray diffractometry（XRD） and transmission electron microscopy（TEM）. The electrochemical performances of as-prepared nanosized Co3O4 as anode materials in lithium-ion batteries were tested by charge-discharge test in the voltage range of 0-3.0 V. The influence of morphology of Co3O4 particle on the capacity and cycling performance was studied. The results show that the shape and size of the final product can be controlled by altering cobalt sources. The irregular cubic Co3O4 with the average particle size of about 10 nm shows the best electrochemical performance. After 10 charge-discharge cycles, the specific charge capacity retains 555 mA.h/g.     

Citrate-stabilized CdSe/CdS quantum dots as fluorescence probe for protein determination

A rapid, ultrasensitive and convenient fluorescence measurement technology based on the enhancement of the fluorescence intensity resulting from the interaction of functionalized CdSe/CdS quantum dots (QDs) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) was proposed. The citrate-stabilized CdSe/CdS (QDs) were synthesized by using Se powder and Na₂S as precursors instead of any pyrophoric organometallic precursors. The modified CdSe/CdS QDs are brighter and more stable against photobleaching in comparison with organic fluorophores. At pH 7.0, the fluorescence signal of CdSe/CdS is enhanced by increasing the concentration of BSA in the range of 0.1–10 μg/mL, and the low detection limit is 0.06 μg/mL. A linear relationship between the enhanced fluorescence peak intensity (ΔF) and BSA concentration (c) is established using equation ΔF=50.7c+16.4 (R=0.996 36). Results of determination for BSA in three synthetic samples are identical with the true values, and the recovery (98.9%–102.4%) and relative standard deviation (RSD, 1.8%–2.5%) are satisfactory.     

Characteristics of graphite felt electrode electrochemically oxidized for vanadium redox battery application

The graphite felt was oxidized at a positive electrode potential in sulfuric acid solution.The electrochemical performance of the treated graphite felt served as electrode for vanadium redox battery was investigated with FT-IR,SEM,XPS,BET,cyclic voltammetry and testing VRB system,respectively.The results show that the molar ratio of O to C increases from 0.085 to 0.15 due to the increase of—COOH functional groups during electrochemical oxidation treatment,and the GF surface is eroded by electrochemical oxidation,resulting in the surface area increase from 0.33 m2/g to 0.49 m 2/g.The VRB with modified GF electrode exhibits excellent performance under a current density of 30 mA/cm 2 .The average current efficiency reaches 94%and average voltage efficiency reaches 85%.The improvement of electrochemical activity for the electrode is ascribed to the increase of the number of—COOH group and the special surface of GF.     

不同锰源合成尖晶石型LixMn2O4及其性能

以自制γ—MnO2(SPDM)和电解二氧化锰(EDM)为原料，采用流变相法合成了尖晶石型锂锰氧材料。应用XRD，SEM，TG和DSC等手段研究了原材料性质和配比等因素对合成尖晶石型锂锰氧的结构、粒径、比表面积以及充、放电性能的影响。结果表明，采用流变相法在700-760℃下，反应12h即可得到均相、无杂质、锰平均氧化价态接近3．5的LixMn2O4正极材料；以SPDM为锰源较EMD为锰源在相同条件下合成的尖晶石材料的首次充、放电容量更高，比表面积更大，粒度更小；当原材料中n(Li)／n(Mn)在一定范围内变化时，合成的锂锰氧的晶格常数随材料中锂与锰摩尔比的增大而减小。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备尖晶石锂锰氧正极材料

以丙氨酸为螯合剂采用软化学法制备了锂锰氧化物.XRD分析结果表明所合成的产物为尖晶石型锰酸锂;采用SEM对产物的形貌进行了表征,结果表明所合成产物主要为棒状,且颗粒大小分布均匀.通过FT-IR及TG/DTA等手段初步探讨了产物的合成机理.采用循环充放电测试考察了产物的电化学性能,结果表明采用此法制备的产物具有优异的电化学性能.     

TiO2纳米丝的制备

通过阳极氧化制备了多孔性氧化铝膜,并以其为模板,采用溶胶凝胶法制得了TiO2纳米丝.     

全钒液流电池隔膜在钒溶液中的性能

考察了Nafion、日-160、日-80、FYM(日本产Nafion膜)和均相膜5种离子交换膜的两个关键性能(渗透性和面电阻)及其影响因素,对均相膜的化学稳定性进行了初步研究,并对两种膜进行了改性。实验发现:均相膜的钒扩散系数最小,但面电阻较大,化学稳定性不好;用二乙烯苯(DVB)对均相膜改性,综合性能较好;减小电场可降低钒离子扩散,提高钒溶液中氢离子浓度可减小面电阻。     

Li-Mn-O化合物的电性能与锂离子迁移性研究

采用天冬氨酸法合成Li-Mn-O化合物,对前驱体在400℃和750℃煅烧得到的样品进行X射线衍射分析(XRD),并对750℃煅烧样品进行电化学性能检测.结果表明:400℃制得的样品以纯尖晶石LiMn2O4存在,750℃下制得样品的首次充放电比容量分别为123.8 mAh/g和122.5 mAh/g,循环20次后放电比容量仍能达到121.0mAh/g,为初始放电比容量的98.77%.