陈祖皋以子午流注论治内伤咳嗽医案 3 则

陈祖皋先生,系原浙江省绍兴市人民医院中医科医生,乃绍兴当代名医,师承于绍兴当代名医潘文藻,是绍派伤寒医家何廉臣的再传弟子。从事中医内科临床工作五十余载,组方灵活,源出经典,学验俱丰,造诣甚深,重于实践,师古不泥,遣药组方不拘一格,圆机活法,随证而治,疗效显著。     

油茶皂甙对实验动物造血机能的影响

目的：研究油茶皂甙对豚鼠和罗非鱼造血功能的影响。方法：比较油茶皂甙（1mg/kg）处理前和处理后豚鼠红细胞和血红蛋白量计数变化。罗非鱼分对照组和油茶皂甙处理组，分别在清水和含1ppm油茶皂甙水饲养6天后，再同时置入清水中净养，观察其存活20％的最高温度。结果：豚鼠用药前后红细胞计数和血红蛋白含量改变轻微，无明显统计学差异（P＞0．05），对照组和油茶皂甙处理组罗非鱼在清水中饲养的耐受最高温度为41．5℃，但在含油茶皂甙水中能耐受的最主温度为36℃。结论：油茶皂甙可短暂，轻微地降低红细胞和血红蛋白，但并不影响造血功能。     

CO2 reactivity and autoregulation in fetal brain

Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in preterm infants is well known to be associated with the high morbidity and mortality of this group. Previous studies have suggested altered cerebral blood flow (CBF) as an important pathologic factor. We measured the CBF in nearterm rabbit fetuses using the hydrogen clearance technique. The local CBF of the rabbit fetuses was significantly low compared with that of the maternal rabbits. The response of CBF to changes in PaCO₂ was observed in rabbit fetuses. The CO₂ reactivity index of the fetal rabbit was lower than that of the maternal rabbit. This low CO₂ reactivity might reflect the immaturity of the fetal brain and its low CBF. We were unable to monitor the fetal blood pressure, but the fetal CBF remained stable when the maternal blood pressure was altered. It is well known that IVH in preterm infants originates from the subependymal germinal matrix and that this has many fragile vessels. Our observation suggests that even a small increase of CBF during hypercapnia might have a large effect towards producing hemorrhage.     

Novel antifungal antibiotics maniwamycins A and B. I. Taxonomy of the producing organism, fermentation, isolation, physico-chemical properties and biological properties

Two antifungal antibiotics maniwamycins A and B were isolated from the culture broth of a strain of actinomycetes, which were classified as Streptomyces prasinopilosus. These antibiotics were isolated by resin absorption and extraction with EtOAc and purified by column chromatography. Both antibiotics were found to be new azoxy substances from their physico-chemical properties. They showed broad antifungal spectra.     

Purification and characterization of aplysianin E, an antitumor factor from sea hare eggs

An antitumor factor, aplysianin E, inducing tumor lysis was purified to apparent homogeneity from the supernatant of a homogenate of eggs of the sea hare Aplysia kurodai. Purified aplysianin E was a 250-kDa glycoprotein containing three different subunits. This factor was half-maximally active at 2-114 ng protein/ml and lysed all the tumor cells tested but did not lyse normal white or red blood cells. Aplysianin E was labile on treatments with heat, low pH, urea, guanidine, sodium lauryl sulfate, and periodate, but not with proteases or organic solvents, Aplysianin E completely inhibited the syntheses of DNA, RNA, and protein by tumor cells within 2 h and caused their complete cytolysis within 15 h. Tumor lysis by aplysianin E was inhibited by N-acetylneuraminic acid, suggesting that recognition of the sugar moiety is a key step in cytolysis induced by aplysianin E. Aplysianin E also prolonged the survival of mice bearing syngeneic MM46 ascites or solid tumors. These results suggest that aplysianin E, found in an invertebrate, the sea hare, is a new antitumor factor.     

Resetting of the arterial baroreflex increases orthostatic sympathetic activation and prevents postural hypotension in rabbits

Since humans are under ceaseless orthostatic stress, the mechanism to maintain arterial pressure (AP) under orthostatic stress against gravitational fluid shift is of great importance. We hypothesized that (1) orthostatic stress resets the arterial baroreflex control of sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) to a higher SNA, and (2) resetting of the arterial baroreflex contributes to preventing postural hypotension. Renal SNA and AP were recorded in eight anaesthetized, vagotomized and aortic-denervated rabbits. Isolated intracarotid sinus pressure (CSP) was increased stepwise from 40 to 160 mmHg with increments of 20 mmHg (60 s for each CSP level) while the animal was placed supine and at 60 deg upright tilt. Upright tilt shifted the CSP–SNA relationship (the baroreflex neural arc) to a higher SNA, shifted the SNA–AP relationship (the baroreflex peripheral arc) to a lower AP, and consequently moved the operating point to marked high SNA while maintaining AP. A simulation study suggests that resetting in the neural arc would double the orthostatic activation of SNA and increase the operating AP in upright tilt by 10 mmHg, compared with the absence of resetting. In addition, upright tilt did not change the CSP–AP relationship (the baroreflex total arc). A simulation study suggests that although a downward shift of the peripheral arc could shift the total arc downward, resetting in the neural arc would compensate this fall and prevent the total arc from shifting downward to a lower AP. In conclusion, upright tilt increases SNA by resetting the baroreflex neural arc. This resetting may compensate for the reduced pressor responses to SNA in the peripheral cardiovascular system and contribute to preventing postural hypotension.     

Clinical significance of selective middle hepatic venography

Selective middle hepatic venography was performed in 86 patients who had been scheduled to undergo liver resection because of hepatobiliary diseases. Special catheters were used of which tips were bended counterclockwise at an angle of 45 degrees. Successful middle hepatic venograms were obtained in 65 cases (76%). Abnormal findings were observed in 27 cases (42%), and it was difficult to diagnose them by ultrasonography or computed tomography. Selective middle hepatic venogram is very useful to understand surgical anatomy of the liver in each case preoperatively. In 5 cases of giant tumor, middle hepatic venography is necessary to identify the exact site of the tumor. Selective middle hepatic venography is considered to be one of the indispensable, examinations for liver resection.