Real-time molecular characterization of air pollutants in a Hong Kong residence: Implication of indoor source emissions and heterogeneous chemistry

Due to the high health risks associated with indoor air pollutants and long-term exposure, indoor air quality has received increasing attention. In this study, we put emphasis on the molecular composition, source emissions, and chemical aging of air pollutants in a residence with designed activities mimicking ordinary Hong Kong homes. More than 150 air pollutants were detected at molecular level, 87 of which were quantified at a time resolution of not less than 1 hour. The indoor-to-outdoor ratios were higher than 1 for most of the primary air pollutants, due to emissions of indoor activities and indoor backgrounds (especially for aldehydes). In contrast, many secondary air pollutants exhibited higher concentrations in outdoor air. Painting ranked first in aldehyde emissions, which also caused great enhancement of aromatics. Incense burning had the highest emissions of particle-phase organics, with vanillic acid and syringic acid as markers. The other noteworthy fingerprints enabled by online measurements included linoleic acid, cholesterol, and oleic acid for cooking, 2,5-dimethylfuran, stigmasterol, iso-/anteiso-alkanes, and fructose isomers for smoking, C₂₈-C₃₄ even n-alkanes for candle burning, and monoterpenes for the use of air freshener, cleaning agents, and camphor oil. We showed clear evidence of chemical aging of cooking emissions, giving a hint of indoor heterogeneous chemistry. This study highlights the value of organic molecules measured at high time resolutions in enhancing our knowledge on indoor air quality.     

基于CIM和SOA的主动配电网信息集成

主动配电网作为智能配电网的发展趋势离不开海量的电网运行数据和信息集成平台的支撑.根据我国主动配电网的结构特点和应用要求,基于公共信息模型、组件接口规范、面向服务的架构及电力地理信息系统设计了主动配电网信息集成平台.在信息集成平台的基础上对配电主动抢修规范流程进行升级改造,并在工程中得到实践.     

Initial scalar lithospheric magnetic anomaly map of China and surrounding regions derived from CSES satellite data

Science China Technological Sciences - The China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES), China’s first satellite to measure geophysical fields with scientific goals in both space and solid...     

利用氯碱厂废弃盐泥制备NO3-吸附剂

将氯碱厂废弃盐泥与丙烯酸、钛酸四正丁酯等共聚，过硫酸钾作引发剂，制得TNO3^-吸附剂，同时还得到了有利用价值的二氧化硅和碳酸钙。用正交试验法与单纯形优化法相结合，确定了废弃盐泥制备NO3^-吸附剂的优良配方及合适的工艺。增添了水净化剂的新品种，探索了氯碱工业废弃盐泥利用的新途径。     

基于硅基石墨烯的全光控太赫兹波强度调制系统研究

在太赫兹通信等系统中需要利用太赫兹波调制器对信号进行调制.基于GaAs 等传统半导体材料设计和制作的调制器在太赫兹波段的响应过低,因而很难应用于太赫兹系统.为了弥补传统调制技术在带宽和调制深度不够的缺点,设计了一种全新的基于硅基石墨烯的全光控太赫兹强度调制系统.该调制系统利用材料中光生载流子对太赫兹波的吸收特性,通过调节照射到材料上的可见光光强来改变光生载流子浓度,从而实现对太赫兹波强度调制.从理论和实验两方面对这种新型太赫兹强度调制系统的调制深度和调制带宽进行了研究.研究结果表明,在泵浦光功率密度为18 mW/mm2时,该调制系统能在实验使用的THz-TDS 测试系统(0.1~2.5 THz)的整个频谱范围内进行有效的调制,调制深度可达到12 %.且随着泵浦光能量的增大,调制深度增大.     

机械合金化对WZrZn合金冲击反应特性的影响

W具有高的热惯性以及低的绝热火焰温度,导致其在空气中难以燃烧。为改变W的燃烧特性,通过机械合金化将20%(质量分数)的Zr引入W中。XRD、SEM及STEM分析表明,球磨30 h后,Zr的衍射峰完全消失,得到了单相bcc结构的W(Zr₂₀)超饱和固溶体合金粉末。在此基础上,以Zn粉作为粘结剂,采用热压工艺制备WZrZn合金。准静态力学性能测试和弹道枪试验结果表明,以W(Zr₂₀)合金粉末为原料制备的W(Zr₂₀)-Zn₃₀合金的抗压强度和能量释放特性明显优于机械混料制备的W/Zr₂₀-Zn₃₀合金。在1200 m/s的冲击速度下,W(Zr₂₀)-Zn₃₀合金的反应超压达到0.21 MPa,能量释放特性优异。同时,在反应产物分析中,发现大量钨的燃烧产物WO₃,表明Zr的固溶诱发了W的燃烧反应,有效提高了WZrZn合金的冲击反应特性。     

河流健康评估的原则和方法

河流健康评估应包括物理-化学评估、生物栖息地质量评估、水文评估和生物群落的评估等内容.评估需要建立生境因子与生物因子的相关关系,需要建立基准点即参照系统,需要明确水文条件、水质条件和栖息地质量三个要素,需要因地制宜地为每一条河流建立健康评估体系及建立生物监测系统和网络.     

Road segmentation with image-LiDAR data fusion in deep neural network

Multimedia Tools and Applications - Robust road segmentation is a key challenge in self-driving research. Though many image based methods have been studied and high performances in dataset...     

致密油藏体积压裂水平井参数优化研究

“水平井+体积压裂”技术是获取致密性储层中工业油流的重要手段。为了对影响体积压裂水平井开发效果的参数进行优化设计,基于离散裂缝模型的数值模拟方法,采用更为灵活的非结构化网格,建立了体积压裂水平井模拟模型,经Eclipse软件及矿场实际井资料验证该模型可靠性较高,可准确地表征复杂裂缝的几何参数和描述流体在裂缝中的流动。利用长庆油田某致密油藏实际参数,对水平井方位、布缝方式、段间距、簇间距、改造体积等参数进行了优化设计,结果表明：当水平井方位与天然裂缝平行时,开发效果最好;根据累计产量的大小,哑铃型布缝方式优于交错型、均匀型、纺锤型布缝方式;段间距应大于相邻2段的泄油半径之和,避免段间干扰;簇间距应尽可能大,但要小于天然裂缝平均缝长;当改造体积一定时,细长形状的改造区域比短粗形状的改造区域开发效果更好,当工艺上难以增加压裂裂缝长度时,可通过增加段内簇数改善开发效果,簇数越多,初期累计产量越高,但最优簇数取决于开采时间的长短。研究结果可为致密油藏体积压裂水平井造缝设计提供依据。