第一步

~~第一步@A.C.Swinburne $河北乐亭二中@和宝君~~     

感悟、鉴赏和探究：文学作品教学的三种重要方法——关于文学作品教学的几点浅思

笔者以为，文学作品教学与非文学作品教学有许多共通之处，当以“文本”为依托、“语言”为核心、“理解”为基础、“能力”为目标，换言之，要紧扣文本，揣摩语言，理解内容，发展能力。但“以艺术形象的方式对以人为中心的社会生活的整体作审美反映”㈨是文学与其他社会科学的主要区别，可见文学的特点在于形象和审美，故文学作品的教学又必须通过对形象的感悟(体验)、鉴赏(品味)和探究(发现)等方式，以达到培养和提升学     

Success in elite cycling: A prospective and retrospective analysis of race results

The development of peak performances is a main research focus in sports science. It is unclear how many former top junior athletes achieve success in the elite class later. The aim of the present study was to examine the careers of athletes who participated in major junior or adult/elite cycling events using prospective and retrospective analysis of competition results. The official results of major junior (age < or = 18 years) and elite (age > 18 years) cycling races from 1980 to 2004 were analysed. Age-related aspects, career lengths, and success were compared between riders who presented results in both junior and elite races (JUNIOR ELITE) and riders who had no junior race results (ELITE ONLY). Altogether, 27,454 results of 8004 athletes from 108 countries were collected. We found that 29.4% of the elite athletes had participated in junior World Championships, and that 34% of the participants in junior World Championships later participated in major elite competitions. JUNIOR ELITE athletes are significantly more successful in several cycling disciplines and have their first and last elite result at a younger age than ELITE ONLY athletes. No difference was found in career lengths. The data presented here emphasize the importance of long-term training programmes in the development of peak performance in cycling.     

Shi Yue： Dedicated to Chinese Traditional Music

＂In the early springime, burgeoning flowers look more beautiful in the caress of gentle breeze and against brightness of the pure moon. Ancient beauties, either slim or plump, look gloomier under shining stars... ＂ That is a line from the poem Shi Yue has written. She set the poem to music and named the composition ＂Charm of Strings＂. Shi Yue learned music composition as an optional course for one year when she studied in Central Conservatory of Music and got best performance in composition analysis and harmony. ＂I had highest examination scores in my class. They are quite helpful to my music creation later,＂ Shi said.     

The angiogenetic effect of intramuscular administration of b-FGF and a-FGF on cardiac muscle: the influence of exercise on muscle angiogenesis

Although angiogenetic therapy using recombinant growth factors holds much hope for the treatment of ischaemic diseases, there are still many unanswered questions, including the method of administration, the correct dose of these factors, and the duration of the therapeutic approach. Exercise has also been suggested to induce neovascularizaiton in muscles. We evaluated the angiogenetic effects of the intramuscular administration of basic-fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF) and acidic-fibroblast growth factor (a-FGF) in rat heart, compared with rats who exercised daily. In conclusion, both the intramuscular administration of b-FGF and exercise increased significantly angiogenesis in the heart in contrast to the intramuscular administration of a-FGF, which was ineffective.     

The energetics and benefit of an arm swing in submaximal and maximal vertical jump performance

The aims of this study were to investigate the energy build-up and dissipation mechanisms associated with using an arm swing in submaximal and maximal vertical jumping and to establish the energy benefit of this arm swing. Twenty adult males were asked to perform a series of submaximal and maximal vertical jumps while using an arm swing. Force, motion and electromyographic data were recorded during each performance and used to compute a range of kinematic and kinetic variables, including ankle, knee, hip, shoulder and elbow joint powers and work done. It was found that the energy benefit of using an arm swing appears to be closely related to the maximum kinetic energy of the arms during their downswing, and increases as jump height increases. As jump height increases, energy in the arms is built up by a greater range of motion at the shoulder and greater effort of the shoulder and elbow muscles but, as jump height approaches maximum, these sources are supplemented by energy supplied by the trunk due to its earlier extension in the movement. The kinetic energy developed by the arms is used to increase their potential energy at take-off but also to store and return energy from the lower limbs and to "pull" on the rest of the body. These latter two mechanisms become more important as jump height increases with the pull being the more important of the two. We conclude that an arm swing contributes to jump performance in submaximal as well as maximal jumping but the energy generation and dissipation sources change as performance approaches maximum.     

人对历史的观察

人对历史的观察未来尚未降临，过去已不复存在，因此，当我们合上史册的时候，过去了的事情都已是无可改变的了。然而，这不可改变的过去并不总会到处重复再现。处于不同的时空之中，它便会异彩纷呈，而我们所获知的信息的增减，也会改变其面貌，我们对过去事情的相互关系...     

动热身活动

当有人问高级教练员和运动员静拉热身活动的目的是什么时，回答很有趣，他们认为静拉伸热身活动可减少对运动员的损伤程度，但是这一点至今仍未被证明。实际上，最近POPe对此也提出了相反意见。