Empirically derived subtypes of adolescent depression: Latent profile analysis of co-occurring symptoms in the Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS).

A latent profile analysis was conducted on the co-occurring symptoms of 423 adolescents diagnosed with major depressive disorder as part of the Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS), a multisite, randomized treatment trial. The participants had a mean (SD) age of 14.6 (1.5) years; of the sample, 45.6% was male and 73.8% was white. Scores on the primary subscales of Conners' Parent Rating Scale-Revised were used as indicators in the analysis. Five classes of symptoms best described the clinical presentation of adolescents enrolled in the TADS. Of the adolescents in the sample, 80% were assigned to classes with clinically significant elevations on 1 or more subscales of the Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised. The 5 classes met empirical criteria for distinctiveness and were validated against clinical diagnoses, child-rated symptoms, and clinician-rated functional impairment. The findings are consistent with prior studies that showed a high rate of co-occurring symptoms among depressed adolescents. The discussion focuses on understanding subtypes and comorbidity in adolescent depression as well as the implications for treatment and for prevention. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Life events and post-traumatic stress: the development of a new measure for children and adolescents

BACKGROUND: A new interview measure of life events and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been developed for children and adolescents aged 9 through 17, for use in both epidemiological and clinical studies. It includes 'high magnitude' events associated with PTSD as well as other 'low magnitude' events. METHOD: The interview is designed as a module of the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment, an interviewer-based interview conducted with parent and child separately by trained lay interviewers. The module includes: (1) questions about a wide range of events; (2) a screen for key PTSD symptoms (painful recall, avoidance, hypervigilance); and (3) a detailed interview on all PTSD symptoms, including onset, duration, severity and co-morbidity. A test-retest reliability study was conducted with 58 parents and children, who were interviewed twice by different interviewers. RESULTS: Intraclass correlations were 0.72 (child) and 0.83 (parent) for high magnitude events, and 0.62 (child) and 0.58 (parent) for low magnitude events. Kappa coefficients ranged from high for violence and sexual abuse to low for child reports of serious accidents and natural disasters. The reliability of the PTSD screen symptoms was fair to excellent (kappa = 0.40-0.79), and reliability of PTSD symptoms in those who passed the screen was excellent (ICC = 0.94-0.99). Compared with a general population sample (N = 1015), the clinic-referred subjects and their parents were twice as likely to report a traumatic event and, depending on the event, up to 25 times as likely to report symptoms of PTSD. CONCLUSIONS: The results support the reliability and discriminant validity of the measure.     

RELATIONS BETWEEN FAILURE BEHAVIOUR AND MICROSTRUCTURE IN TEMPERING STRUCTURE STEELS

用透射电镜研究了两种结构钢的断裂行为与显微组织的关系。结果表明,回火后准解理断口的出现和消失与Fe_3C的析出和聚集密切相关:经250℃回火时析出ε碳化物,呈现单一韧窝断口,回火温度超过350℃时,有Fe_3C析出,这时出现准解理断口,而于450℃回火后达最大比例。在550℃回火后,60Si2Mn钢因Fe_3C聚集,准解理断口消失,又变成单一韧窝断口,37SiMnCrNiMoV钢Fe_3C聚集的倾向小,经550℃回火后仍有少量准解理断口保留下来。观察试样上由负荷产生的残留显微裂纹发现,它们常沿孪晶马氏体的内孪晶界及板条马氏体的条界发展,因此认为这两种脆化了的界面是准解理的解理面,而Fe_3C沿这类界面析出并呈连续分布是导致界面脆化的原因。     

低碳钢冷脆特性参量——临界缺口(裂缝)尺寸的研究

本文研究了缺口尺寸对低碳钢低温断裂行为的影响,分析了断裂载荷谷值所对应的温度T_C~*(称为冷脆特征温度)附近的断裂特征,结合工程设计特点,提出了冷脆临界缺口(裂缝)尺寸α_C及其特征值α_C~*的概念,推荐作为控制冷脆的一个基本特性参量。文中推导出了α_C及α_C~*的数学表达式,该式的可行性得到了静载及疲劳载荷条件下模拟试验数据的验证。     

SOLUBILITY OF Ca IN Mn AND INTERACTION COEFFICIENTS OF Al AND Fe ON Ca IN Mn AT 1350℃

本文测定了1350℃时液态金属Ca在纯Mn液中和Mn合金溶液中的溶解度,并计算出Mn液中Al及Fe对Ca的活度相互作用系数。实验结果表明Al对Ca有很强的相互作用,使Ca的溶解度增加,而Fe却使Ca的溶解度下降。本文还就液态Ca溶于Mn液的标准溶解自由能进行了估算。     

Leon Battista Alberti as Author of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Hypnerotomachia Poliphili</Emphasis>

The enigmatic Hypnerotomachia Poliphili published anonymously in 1499 has long posed puzzles for historians and other scholars. This present text argues that the volume can credibly be attributed, not to Francesca Colonna as is often done, but to the Renaissance humanist and polymath Leon Battista Alberti. Evidence for this is found in the unravelling of arithmogrammatical evidence sprinkled throughout the work, similar to those found in other of Alberti’s works.     

BCL-3: A High Performance Basic Communication Protocol for Commodity Superserver DAWNING-3000

1 IntroductionC1usters have been popu1ar platforms fOr high performance computing in receot years. They arewidely used in scientific and engineering computing business computing, and Internet informationservices. Communication perfOrmance is one of the most critical factors determining the perfOrmanceof a whole cluster system. So how to improve the performance of communication is a hot researchtopic in cluster computing. Meanwhile, bui1ding a cluster with commodity SMPs (CLUMPS) isbecorn…     

基于谱分析的一类截尾二阶非线性模型盲辨识的方法(英)

提出一种基于自相关谱分析的对一类截尾Volterra非线性模型-二阶非线性模型进行盲辨识的算法．理论分析和计算机仿真均显示，该算法准确通用，适合于实际工程应用．     

Constrained multifidelity optimization using model calibration

Multifidelity optimization approaches seek to bring higher-fidelity analyses earlier into the design process by using performance estimates from lower-fidelity models to accelerate convergence towards the optimum of a high-fidelity design problem. Current multifidelity optimization methods generally fall into two broad categories: provably convergent methods that use either the high-fidelity gradient or a high-fidelity pattern-search, and heuristic model calibration approaches, such as interpolating high-fidelity data or adding a Kriging error model to a lower-fidelity function. This paper presents a multifidelity optimization method that bridges these two ideas; our method iteratively calibrates lower-fidelity information to the high-fidelity function in order to find an optimum of the high-fidelity design problem. The algorithm developed minimizes a high-fidelity objective function subject to a high-fidelity constraint and other simple constraints. The algorithm never computes the gradient of a high-fidelity function; however, it achieves first-order optimality using sensitivity information from the calibrated low-fidelity models, which are constructed to have negligible error in a neighborhood around the solution. The method is demonstrated for aerodynamic shape optimization and shows at least an 80% reduction in the number of high-fidelity analyses compared other single-fidelity derivative-free and sequential quadratic programming methods. The method uses approximately the same number of high-fidelity analyses as a multifidelity trust-region algorithm that estimates the high-fidelity gradient using finite differences.     

Forty Years of Shape and Shape Grammars, 1971 �C 2011

Guest Editor Lionel March introduces Nexus Network Journal volume 13 number 1 (Winter 2010) dedicated to Shape and Shape Grammar.