Palyno-anatomical characters and their systematic significance in the family Apiaceae from Chitral,eastern Hindu Kush,Pakistan

The present study was performed to provide a detailed explanation of leaf epidermal anatomy and pollen micromorphological features of selected species of family Apiaceae from Chitral, eastern Hindu Kush region as the basis of forthcoming studies. In the present article pollen morphology of eight species and foliar epidermal of seven species of family Apiaceae have been examined through microscopic techniques. In results two types of pollen prolate (five species) and perprolate (three species) with three colpi have been recorded. The exine ornamentation was found to be regulate, striate, and cerebroid. Largest pollen was found in Heracleum leucocarpum with the polar diameter of 43.25 μm and equatorial diameter of 21.6 μm. Smallest pollen was observed in Elaeosticta chitralica with the polar diameter of 18.4 μm. The P/E ratio varied from 1.59 to 2.16. Regarding to foliar epidermal anatomy, three types of epidermal cells including rectangular, irregular, and polygonal with variation in anticlinal wall pattern were determined. In the selected species three kinds of stomata comprising anisocytic, anomocytic, and paracytic type were reported in the current research. The size of epidermal cells ranged from 106 × 42.50 μm in Bupleurum falcatum subsp. cernuum and 77.25 × 26.35 μm in Prangos pabularia in adaxial surface. Largest stomatal complex was found in Prangos pabularia both in adaxial 33.55 × 20.05 μm and abaxial 50.25 × 39.40 μm. All the observed quantitative and qualitative features of the species were proved to be useful in the delimitation of species at generic and species level.     

电化学介导胺再生CO2捕集系统电化学性能研究

二氧化碳(CO2)捕集是实现我国碳中和目标的重要手段.电化学介导胺再生(EMAR)CO2捕集系统是一种极具应用前景的碳捕集技术.为了进一步研究EMAR的电化学性能,利用H型电解池,对以乙醇胺(MEA)溶液为吸收剂,铜离子为金属配体的体系开展电化学行为研究.结果表明:阴极和阳极反应均是分步进行的,且均由扩散和电荷传递共同...     

Security enhancement of shares generation process for multimedia counting-based secret-sharing technique

Multimedia Tools and Applications - Secret sharing is a cryptographic tool to ensure reliable and secure access to information. Counting-based secret sharing is a new secret sharing technique that...     

Peristaltically induced flow of nanomaterial through uniform porous space and gravitational aspects

Magneto peristaltic flows of nanofluids play a key role in magnetic drug transport systems. Therefore, peristalsis of a nanofluid through a uniform porous medium under the influence of a uniform magnetic force is studied here. Ohmic heating and Hall aspects are incorporated in the analysis. Three distinct types of nanoparticles (ie, silver, alumina, and copper) have been used for theoretical analysis. A large wavelength and a small Reynolds number scheme are adopted in mathematical modeling. The dimensionless nonlinear system is solved using the well‐known perturbation method, and physical analysis is done via graphs. A comparison of different nanoparticles is also presented. It is noticed that an increase in the Hall effects nullifies the variations, which are due to an increment in the Hartman number. The temperature of the nanofluid can be reduced by increasing the permeability of the porous medium.     

Reconstruction of scene using corneal reflection

Multimedia Tools and Applications - Corneal reflection extracted from an eye image identifies the relationship between the subject of the image and the scene in front of the subject. The...     

Development of novel pH-sensitive nanoparticles loaded hydrogel for transdermal drug delivery

Objective: Difference of pH that exists between the skin surface and blood circulation can be exploited for transdermal delivery of drug molecules by loading drug into pH-sensitive polymer. Eudragit S100 (ES100), a pH-sensitive polymer having dissolution profile above pH 7.4, is used in oral, ocular, vaginal and topical delivery of drug molecules. However, pH-sensitive potential of this polymer has not been explored for transdermal delivery. The aim of this research work was to exploit the pH-sensitive potential of ES100 as a nanocarrier for transdermal delivery of model drug, that is, Piroxicam.

Methods: Simple nanoprecipitation technique was employed to prepare the nanoparticles and response surface quadratic model was applied to get an optimized formulation. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized and loaded into Carbopol 934 based hydrogel. In vitro release, ex vivo permeation and accelerated stability studies were carried out on the prepared formulation.

Results: Particles with an average size of 25–40?nm were obtained with an encapsulation efficiency of 88%. Release studies revealed that nanoparticles remained stable at acidic pH while sustained release with no initial burst effect was observed at pH 7.4 from the hydrogel. Permeation of these nanocarriers from hydrogel matrix showed significant permeation of Piroxicam through mice skin.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that ES100 based pH-sensitive nanoparticles have potential to be delivered through transdermal route.     

Toward Robust Classifiers for PDF Malware Detection

Malicious Portable Document Format (PDF) files represent one of the largest threats in the computer security space. Significant research has been done using handwritten signatures and machine learning based on detection via manual feature extraction. These approaches are time consuming, require substantial prior knowledge, and the list of features must be updated with each newly discovered vulnerability individually. In this study, we propose two models for PDF malware detection. The first model is a convolutional neural network (CNN) integrated into a standard deviation based regularization model to detect malicious PDF documents. The second model is a support vector machine (SVM) based ensemble model with three different kernels. The two models were trained and tested on two different datasets. The experimental results show that the accuracy of both models is approximately 100%, and the robustness against evasive samples is excellent. Further, the robustness of the models was evaluated with malicious PDF documents generated using Mimicus. Both models can distinguish the different vulnerabilities exploited in malicious files and achieve excellent performance in terms of generalization ability, accuracy, and robustness.