Chemical States of Lanthanum in Carbonized La2O3-Mo Thermionic Cathode Materials

The chemical reaction between lanthanum oxide and molybdenum carbide was studied by thermodynamic calcu-lation, thermal analysis and in-situ X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. The theoretical results show that at the environment allowing for the evaporation of lanthanum, such as in high vacuum, La2O3 in the La2O3-Mo materials can be reduced to metallic lanthanum by molybdenum carbide (Mo2C). To confirm the conclusion, many analysis methods such as XRD, SPS, and TG-DTA were taken. The experimental results show that the chemical state of lanthanum changes during heat-ing. It was proved, for the first time, that reacted metallic lanthanum appears at the surface of this kind of material at high temperature.     

膨胀土一维湿化变形时效特性的半经验法研究

为探索膨胀土渗透作用下湿化变形时间效应的预测方法,设计一系列具有一定初始含水率和干密度的标准环刀试样的一维吸水膨胀试验,对试样的膨胀变形随时间变化规律进行分析.采用室内试验、数据统计分析与有限单元法相结合,理论计算出膨胀土的吸水膨胀率随时间的变化关系.室内无荷载膨胀试验获取了隆起量随时间的变化规律;将滤纸法获得的膨胀土的土-水特征曲线,应用于有限元分析软件中,获得了试样渗透吸水过程中体积含水率随时间的变化规律;最后将试验获得的膨胀率-过程含水率的理论与体积含水率随时间变化的数值模拟结果相结合,获得了土体隆起变形随时间变化的理论预测曲线.研究结果表明:半经验公式获得的隆起量-时间关系与试验数据基本一致;结合已有研究验证该半经验方法的准确度,结果得到的膨胀量随时间变化的计算结果与实测相同,说明本文提出的半经验计算方法具有良好的应用前景,可用于膨胀土的一维隆起预测.     

Influence of heat treatment on fracture and magnetic properties of radially oriented Sm2Co17 permanent magnets

The quenching, fracture and aging treatment of radially oriented Sm2Co17 ring magnets were investigated. The results indicate that the ring magnets have obvious anisotropy of thermal expansion, which easily leads to the splits of the magnets during quenching. The fracture is brittle cleavage fracture. The difference （Aa） of the expansion coefficient reaches the maximum value at 800-850 ℃. So, various quenching processes at different steps are adopted in order to reduce the splits. When the magnets are aged, 1：5 phase precipitates from the 2：17 matrix phase and forms a cellular microstructure with 2：17 phase. BHmax and JHc reach the maximum value 226 kJ/m^3 and 2 170 kA/m after being aged at 850 ℃ for 4 h and 8 h, respectively. The aging treatment at 850 ℃ has little influence on remanence（Br）, which can always keep a high value （≥1.0 T）. Through appropriate heat treatment, the ring magnets have uniform cellular microstructure and excellent magnetic properties： Br ≥ 1.0T, JHc ≥2 100 kA/m, BHmax ≥ 220 kJ/m^3.     

钪系阴极基体的研究

采用氧化钪与钨机械混合、氧化钨与钪盐水溶液固液掺杂法制备了氧化钪-钨基体，采用扫描电镜及原位俄歇电子能谱方法研究了基体中钪的分布及阴极基体的抗离子轰击性能。结果表明，采用液固法制备的烧结体，氧化钪分布均匀，这样的结构有利于钪的扩散和补充，原位俄歇轰击实验结果表明，阴极基体具有良好的耐高温和耐离子轰击性。     

La2O3-Gd2O3-Mo secondary emission material

A new kind of materials La2O3-Gd2O3-Mo has been produced by powder metallurgy method.The composition and microstructure of the material were studied by XRD and SEM.It shows that no chemical reaction takes place among La2O3,Gd2O3,Mo and the rare earth oxides exist along molybdenum grain boundaries and in the pores.The emission property measurement results of this material show that adding rare earth oxide into molybdenum can improve the secondary emission coefficient of the emitter,and the emission property depends on the activation temperature.After La2O3-Gd2O3-Mo was activated at 1360℃,the maximum secondary emission coefficient can be high to 2.62,which has exceeded that for practical uses(2.0).     

二硅化钼抗氧化性的研究进展

MoSi2具有良好的高温抗氧化性，但是低温容易发生“粉化瘟疫”现象。首先介绍了MoSi2及其复合材料低温“粉化瘟疫”的现象和机理，提出了预防“粉化瘟疫”的方法，然后介绍了MoSi2基复合材料的高温抗氧化性能以及抗高低温循环氧化的能力。总结认为低温加速氧化是MoSi2的本质现象，而“粉化瘟疫”不是MoSi2的本质现象。     

纳米硬质薄膜的研究进展

介绍了纳米硬质薄膜的概念、设计思想、超硬机制、制备技术及工艺、性能、应用前景，综述了近几年来国内外纳米硬质薄膜材料研究的最新进展，对纳米硬质薄膜的发展趋势提出了一些看法。     

利用X光衍射分析法测定α—方石英强化瓷中晶相含量

本文利用x射线衍射学的知识推导了a—方石英强化瓷中各晶相的关系式,利用x射线中定量分析中的内标法精确测定了各晶相含量,并对实验结果进行了讨论。     

稀土对钼粉还原行为及性能影响

采用热分析、X射线衍射、程序升温还原及光电子能谱等方法研究了稀土元素对钼粉还原行为及性能的影响.实验结果表明,稀土离子与钼离子之间的相互作用使得氧化铝的还原温度降低,且稀土氧化物对钼粉具有明显的细化作用.Mo粉表面的RE_2O_3微粒可以增加光电子的非弹性散射自由程,减小Mo基体的特征能量损失峰,增加Mo3d光电子谱峰强度.