Dynamic Changes with Liver Atrophy as an Alternate Marker of Chemotherapy-Associated Liver Injury

Annals of Surgical Oncology -     

LONG‐TERM FOLLOW UP OF PATIENTS WITH SMALL GASTROINTESTINAL STROMAL TUMORS IN THE STOMACH USING ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASONOGRAPHY‐GUIDED FINE‐NEEDLE ASPIRATION BIOPSY

Background: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are one of the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. GIST are defined by positive immunohistochemical staining for KIT or CD34 and thus are generally diagnosed after surgery. Because small GIST are rarely diagnosed before surgery, the clinical course of these small tumors is not clear. The aim of the present study was to follow changes in size and configuration of small GIST that were pathologically confirmed using endoscopic ultrasonography‐guided fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (EUS‐FNAB). Methods: Between July 1997 and December 2003, 16 tumors in 16 patients (10 men and 6 women) with an immunohistochemical diagnosis of GIST were regularly followed in our hospital. The median patient age when EUS‐FNAB was performed was 62 years (range 26–82 years) and the median follow‐up period was 4.9 years (range 0.5–9.6 years). Results: Fourteen tumors showed no remarkable changes in size and shape during follow up compared with the initial diagnosis. Two tumors enlarged: one tumor approximately doubled its diameter in 8 years and the other tumor increased from 1.8 cm at diagnosis to up to 10 cm after only 2 years. Doubling time of the latter tumor was calculated as 3.1 months. Conclusions: We conclude that EUS‐FNAB might be a good modality for final diagnosis of GIST without surgery, and that GIST without rapid growth on follow up can be endoscopically followed.     

Alcohol dependence syndrome and BDIM (before-discharge intervention method)--report 4, the family members' self-reports about BDIM]

One hundred fifty-three inpatients with alcohol dependence syndrome were treated with the structured BDIM (Before-Discharge Intervention Method). 82 patients of them have participated to self-help group meetings or kept having therapy as our outpatients or inpatients during the study period. We chose the families of the 82 patients as our study subject Out of the study subjects who took part in BDIM, 64 families (117 persons) answered our questionnaire. Among them 63 families (101 persons) gave their described answers of impressions and opinions about BDIM, which were summarized as follows. (1) Through BDIM the family members gained second thought on their alcoholic family member (IP: identified patient) and they could tell their new view to IP. BDIM enabled them to tell IP their sincere feeling and hope for recovery of IP. BDIM empowered both IP and IP's family members. (2) The family members became to know IP's orientation on his or her disease. They came to know IP's denial and understand him or her as he or she was. (3) The family members felt emotional ties among themselves and IP through BDIM. When the family members of a dysfunctional family took part together in BDIM, they could know the feelings, thoughts, experiences and hopes one another. The family members had a precious experience of mutual understanding among themselves and IP to hope for recovery together. (4) The family members appreciated BDIM as a effective therapy. In BDIM many of them regarded highly of giving their letters to IP as a useful method to convey their feeling and thoughts calmly to IP. (5) On the other hand some family members pointed out the difficulty for themselves to write on BDIM. For family members who are not good at writing a letter or tend only to blame IP through their letters, writing and giving letters to IP is not appropriate as a therapy. If family members feel strong anxiety or fear, it is safe not to practice BDIM.     

Use of small-bore silastic drains in general thoracic surgery.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of small-bore, silastic drains for patients undergoing general thoracic surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-five patients who received soft, small-bore, silastic drains were compared with 17 patients who received semi-rigid double lumen (DL) tubes retrospectively. RESULTS: The pain score was significantly lower in patients who received the silastic tubes in video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) cases on postoperative days 5 and 6 , after continuous epidural analgesia had finished (P=0.018). No specific morbidity was seen in the patients who received silastic tubes. CONCLUSION: We considered that soft, small-bore silastic drains were just as effective as traditional DL tubes, but caused less pain especially in VATS cases.     

Successful embolization of a large superior gluteal artery pseudoaneurysm emerging during anticoagulant therapy

Gross hemorrhage is the most serious complication of anticoagulant therapy. We report the discovery and treatment of a large pseudoaneurysm of the superior gluteal artery in one patient who had been receiving oral anticoagulant therapy. We diagnosed the pseudoaneurysm by contrast-enhanced computed tomography, and embolized the artery with stainless steel coils. The exact cause of the pseudoaneurysm remains unclear, however, minor trauma appears most likely.     

Glued Carbon Fiber Electrodes for Diaphragm Pacing

Carbon fibers with fibrin glue were used as electrodes for diaphragm pacing. The electrodes were applied to three mongrel dogs and the effectiveness was tested. The carbon leads were glued to phrenic nerves by means of the fibrinogen and thrombin bilaterally. The tidal volumes and threshold current level for stimulation were measured at various time up to 9 weeks after implantation. Effective contraction of diaphragm were observed for 9 weeks. By using this electrode, the exfoliation of the nerve is not necessary, the nerve can be maintained in an intact state, and the risk of the implanting operation can be minimized.     

Transarticular invasion of iliopelvic sarcomas into the sacrum: Radiological analysis of 47 cases

Joint cartilage functions as a barrier against the extension of bone tumors. However, transarticular invasion by iliopelvic sarcomas across the sacroiliac (SI) joints into the sacrum sometimes occurs. We made a radiological analysis (CT and/or MRI) of 47 bone sarcomas which originated in the ilium and extended nearly to the SI joint. 8 of 17 chondrosarcomas and 3 of 30 other sarcomas (2 of 23 Ewing's sarcomas and 1 of 7 osteosarcomas) invaded the sacrum through the SI joint.     

Ewing's sarcoma of the femur: Prognosis in 69 patients treated by the CESS group

We reviewed the treatment outcome of 69 patients with Ewing's sarcoma of the femur. The patients received chemotherapy according to the CESS 81 (n 14), CESS 86 (n 43), and CESS 91P (n 12) protocols. The 10-year relapse-free survival rates were 36%, 65%, and 65% (p = 0.01). 68 patients received local treatment. The primary tumor was treated by surgery without radiotherapy in 28 patients; 1 developed a local recurrence and 7 metastases. 10 patients received radiotherapy alone; 4 developed metastases and 4 local recurrences and metastases. 30 cases had a combination of surgery and radiotherapy; 7 developed metastases and 1 a local recurrence and metastasis. The survival of patients after radiotherapy alone was worse than that of patients after surgery with/without radiotherapy (p = 0.005). Pathological fractures (n 16) did not influence the prognosis.     

Segmental hyperintensity on T1-weighted MRI of the liver: Indication of segmental cholestasis

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between segmental hyperintensity of the liver on T1-weighted images and segmental cholestasis in patients with obstructive jaundice. T1-weighted and T2-weighted MR images were obtained of 73 patients with obstructive jaundice caused by various diseases. Fat-suppressed T1-weighted images were also obtained of 10 patients. Eleven patients with segmental intra-hepatic bile duct dilatation (cholestasis) showed segmental hyperintensity on T1-weighted images and/or fat-suppressed T1-weighted images and no signal intensity difference on T2-weighted images. Sixty-two patients with widespread intrahepatic bile duct dilatation showed no intensity difference on T1-weighted and T2-weighted images (P < .01). Segmental hyperintensity on T1-weighted images was correlated with intrahepatic cholestasis.