第五脑室与第六脑室的体积测量:体视学方法在神经影像中的应用初探(英文)

目的:本研究初步探讨了体视学与神经影像学方法用于测量第五脑室(cavum septi pellucidi,CSP)与第六脑室(cavum vergae,CV)体积的新方法。方法:患者行头颅X射线计算机体层成像(X-ray computed tomography,CT)扫描并获取图像,在Image J软件的辅助下,运用体视学方法测量CSP与CV的体积。结果:本例患者CSP与CV的体积为61.25 cm3。结论:我们对患者CT图像中扩张的CSP与CV进行了定量分析,为计算CSP与CV体积的体视学方法在神经影像中的应用提供了全新见解。     

不同高渗刺激对下丘脑视上核和室旁核神经元功能状态的影响

视上核和室旁核是下丘脑中两个与渗透压感受、加压素分泌以及水平衡调节密切相关的核团。为了搞清楚这两个核团在不同刺激条件下的激活状态和反应特性,本文采用慢性和急性渴觉刺激模型,免疫组化和ELISA检测相结合的方法对视上核和室旁核内的Fos表达以及血清加压素水平进行了测定。慢性刺激组动物给予2% NaCl盐水持续2d,而急性刺激组动物皮下直接注射2mol/L的NaCl盐水2.5ml,两组动物的进食保持正常。结果表明,这两种不同的刺激方式引发的Fos表达模式基本相似,视上核、室旁核、下丘脑外侧区以及正中视前区、穹窿下器和终板血管下器等区都检测到大量的Fos阳性胞核。但Fos染色的深浅程度和Fos胞核的数量却在两组之间有明显的差异:急性组胞核浓染,数量多;慢性组胞核淡染,数量少。ELISA检测的结果与此相反,急性组动物血清中加压素的水平很低,与对照组没有明显差异;而慢性组动物血清中的加压素水平很高,几乎是对照组的2倍。以上结果提示,下丘脑神经元的激活和分泌功能与刺激方式密切相关,选择单一刺激模式、单一指标来揭示和衡量其功能状态是缺乏说服力的。     

白癜风免疫微环境对黑素细胞CXCL10表达的影响

目的:明确白癜风免疫微环境对黑素细胞CXCL10表达的影响。方法:采用qRT-PCR检测进展期白癜风患者皮损组织中的细胞因子;采用qRT-PCR及ELISA检测白癜风免疫微环境中上调的细胞因子对黑素细胞系PIG1 CXCL10表达和分泌。结果:进展期白癜风患者皮损组织中IFN-γ、TNF-α和IL-1βmRNA表达上调;三者联合刺激显著上调PIG1细胞CXCL10 mRNA的表达以及蛋白分泌,并呈现时间依赖性。结论:白癜风局部免疫微环境促进黑素细胞表达及分泌CXCL10,可能参与白癜风发病。     

Progressive changes of orexin system in a rat model of 6-hydroxydopamineinduced Parkinson’s disease

Objective

Sleep disturbance, which is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and sleep attacks, is frequently observed in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Loss of orexin neurons in hypothalamus and the resultant decreased level of orexin in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) found in narcolepsy patients may also play an essential role in the pathogenesis of sleep disturbance. The present study aimed to investigate the possible changes in the orexin system during PD progression.

Methods

After the establishment of a rat PD model by injecting 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the medial forebrain bundle, the numbers of orexin-A- and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons, and the levels of orexin-A fibers and orexin-A in CSF were examined by immunohistochemistry and ELISA assay, respectively.

Results

Compared to the TH-containing neurons that exhibited fast degeneration in response to 6-OHDA, orexin-A-containing neurons were less sensitive to 6-OHDA. The number of orexin-A-positive neurons began to decrease at day 21 after operation, and at day 49, it decreased by 30% of the initial level. The orexin-A level in CSF of PD rats did not show any obvious fluctuations compared to the control, and there was no obvious reduction in the density of orexin-A-positive fibers in brain areas such as tuberomammillary nucleus.

Conclusion

These results reveal for the first time the dynamic changes of orexin system during the progression of PD. This may provide valuable information for drug development to reverse the loss of orexin neurons and sleep disturbance in PD patients.