低温条件下饲料的脂肪含量对石斑鱼生长的影响

为了研究在低温条件下饲料中的脂肪含量对石斑鱼生长的影响,制作脂肪含量为7.53%(G1)、9.52%(G2)、13.27%(G3)和16.64%(G4)的石斑鱼试验饲料,在闭路循环水16.1~21.3℃的低温下养殖石斑鱼,试验结束时称重并进行生物学指标和氨基酸的测定,结果表明低温对鱼类的生长性能产生了一定程度的影响,低温条件下,随着脂肪含量的升高,实验石斑鱼的增重率、肝脂率、肌脂率有明显程度的提高,而肝体比、脏体比相应的降低,摄食G1、G2实验饲料的石斑鱼为负增长,其肝脂率和肌脂率显著高于摄食G3、G4实验饲料的石斑鱼,而肝体比、脏体比却显著的低于后者,肌肉蛋白含量、水分及消化道指数无显著差异,死亡率随着脂肪含量的升高呈降低的趋势,各组石斑鱼肌肉的氨基酸组成差异不大,仅表现为酪氨酸随着脂肪添加量的增加减少的趋势,本实验说明了低温条件下适当增加饲料中的脂肪含量有利于保持石斑鱼的生长,同时为鱼类的越冬期及低温胁迫下的管理提供了1种可行的营养供给策略。     

牛磺酸对幼刺参生长、抗氧化和代谢酶活性的影响

【目的】研究饲料牛磺酸添加水平对刺参（Apostichopus japonicus）生长、体组成、抗氧化能力以及消化代谢的影响,以探究幼刺参的牛磺酸合成能力及对牛磺酸的需求量。【方法】选用初始体质量为（11.40±0.04）g的刺参为研究对象,在基础饲料中分别添加0（对照）、0.30%、0.60%、0.90%、1.20%和1.50%的包被牛磺酸以及0.60%半胱氨酸和0.60%磺基丙氨酸（均以质量分数计,下同）,形成8组等氮等脂的实验饲料,在养殖桶（400 L）内进行喂养实验。每种饲料投喂3桶幼参（每桶30头）,日投喂1次,实验周期56 d,测定刺参生长性能、抗氧化、代谢酶活性指标。【结果】添加0.30%～1.50%的牛磺酸显著提高了幼参末质量、增重率和特定生长率（P <0.05）,而添加0.60%～1.50%的牛磺酸显著提高了刺参的粪便产生率（P <0.05）。与对照组相比,饲料中添加0.60%～1.20%牛磺酸显著提高了全参粗蛋白含量,添加1.20%和1.50%牛磺酸显著提高全参灰分含量（P <0.05）。随饲料中牛磺酸添加量的梯度升高,全参苏氨酸、缬氨酸、蛋氨酸...     

Ontogenetic changes in digestive enzyme activities and the amino acid profile of starry flounder <Emphasis Type="Italic">Platichthys stellatus</Emphasis>

Ontogenetic changes in digestive enzyme activities and the amino acid (AA) profile of starry flounder, Platichthys stellatus, were investigated and limiting amino acids were estimated compared with the essential AA profile between larvae and live food to clarify starry flounder larval nutritional requirements. Larvae were collected at the egg stage and 0, 2, 4, 7, 12, 17, 24 days after hatching (DAH) for analysis. Larvae grew from 1.91 mm at hatching to 12.13 mm at 24 DAH. Trypsin and chymotrypsin activities changed slightly by 4 DAH and then increased significantly 4 DAH. Pepsin activity increased sharply beginning 17 DAH. Lipase activity increased significantly 4 DAH and increased progressively with larval growth. Amylase activity was also detected in newly hatched larvae and increased 7 DAH followed by a gradual decrease. High free amino acid (FAA) content was detected in starry flounder eggs (110.72 mg/g dry weight). Total FAA content dropped to 43.29 mg/g in 4-DAH larvae and then decreased gradually to 13.74 mg/g in 24-DAH larvae. Most FAAs (except lysine and methionine) decreased >50% in 4-DAH larvae compared with those in eggs and then decreased to the lowest values in 24-DAH larvae. Changes in the protein amino acid (PAA) profile were much milder than those observed for FAAs. Most PAAs increased gradually during larval development, except lysine and phenylalanine. The percentages of free threonine, valine, isoleucine, and leucine decreased until the end of the trial, whereas the protein forms of these four AAs followed the opposite trend. A comparison of the essential AA composition of live food (rotifers, Artemia nauplii, and Artemia metanauplii) and larvae suggested that methionine was potentially the first limiting AA. These results may help develop starry flounder larviculture methods by solving the AA imbalance in live food. Moreover, the increased digestive enzyme activities indicate the possibility of introducing artificial compound feed.