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1.
Witchakorn Charusiri Withaya Yongchareon Tharapong Vitidsant 《Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering》2006,23(3):349-355
Thailand’s food manufacturing uses about 47 Million liters per year of vegetable oil. Used vegetable oil is classified as
waste, but has potential for conversion into liquid fuel. This research studied the catalytic conversion of used vegetable
oil to liquid fuel, where investigation was performed in a batch microreactor over a temperature range of 380–430 °C, initial
pressure of hydrogen gas over 10–20 bars, and reaction time of 45–90 minutes. Catalysts such as HZSM-5, Sulfated Zirconia
and hybrid of HZSM-5 with Sulfated Zirconia were used to determine the conversion and yield of gasoline fraction. The major
products obtained were liquid products, hydrocarbon gases and small amounts of solids. Liquid products were analyzed by simulated
distillation gas chromatograph and the product distribution was obtained. Hybrid catalyst HZSM-5 with Sulfated Zirconia showed
the highest yield of gasoline with a 26.57 wt% at a temperature of 430 °C, initial hydrogen pressure at 10 bars, and reaction
time of 90 minutes in the ratio of hybrid HZSM-5 with Sulfated Zirconia at 0.3: 0.7. 相似文献
2.
In this study, char, bio-oil and gases were synthesized with a continuous pyrolysis process from residual plants consisting of Cogongrass and Manilagrass at temperatures in the range of 400–550°C, with a feed rate of 150, 350, and 550 rpm (r min?1). The product yield calculation showed that the liquid yield was highest at 53.56%, at 350 rpm. After separation of the bio-oil from liquid phase, the bio-oil was found to have components of approximately 33.38%, of which the solid yield (char) was highest at 27.35%, at 350 rpm, and the gas yield was highest at 43.60%, at 150 rpm. This indicates that biomass from residual plants materials produced good yields because of low solid and gas yields while having high liquid yield. 相似文献
3.
A new reaction route of methanol synthesis at low temperature from CO2-containing syngas with Cu/ZnO catalyst and the aid of alcohols has been developed in a batch and a flow-type semi-batch reactors. The use of alcohols as catalytic solvents realized methanol synthesis at 443 K with formate as an intermediate. The activity of methanol synthesis depends on types and structures of alcohols. Among all alcohols, 2-alcohol exhibited the highest activity. With the aid of 2-butanol, the one-pass 47.0% conversion and 98.9% selectivity were achieved at a mild condition, 443 K and 50 bar. The new reaction route of methanol synthesis is a practical method for near future technology. 相似文献
4.
Pressure swing adsorption (PSA) is attractive for final separation in the process of water removal especially for fuel ethanol
production. Despite many researches on simulation and experimental works on adsorption of water on 3A zeolite in a fixed bed,
none have studied a process with the actual PSA system. The purpose of this research was to study the PSA process with two
adsorbers and effects of several parameters. The research also included analysis of kinetic and thermodynamic data of ethanol-water
adsorption on commercial 3A zeolites in a single fixed bed. A two-level factorial design experiment was used in this research
work to preliminarily screen the influence and interaction among the factors. Effects of important parameters such as initial
temperature, feed concentration and feed rate were investigated. It was proven that the Langmuir isotherm could best predict
the experimental results. In the PSA pilot test, the principal factors, which had effects on the performance, were feed rate,
feed concentration, adsorption pressure and the cycle time. Prediction of the process efficiency in terms of ethanol recovery
and enrichment was proposed in the form of regression models. The results of the study in a fixed bed adsorber could help
designing a pilot-scale PSA unit. The experiments proved to be successful in terms of producing high concentration ethanol
with high percentage of ethanol recovery. With further simulation work the process could be scaled up for an industrial use. 相似文献
5.
Sukamon Hinchiranan Yi Zhang Satoshi Nagamori Tharapong Vitidsant Noritatsu Tsubaki 《Fuel Processing Technology》2008
The addition of small amount of TiO2 to silica-supported cobalt catalysts significantly increasing the dispersion of cobalt and Co metallic surface area resulting in the remarkable enhancement of the Fisher–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) activity in the slurry-phase reaction. The addition of TiO2 adjusted the interaction between cobalt and silica support quite well to realize the favorite dispersion and reduction degree of supported cobalt, leading to high catalytic activity in FTS. The properties of various catalysts were characterized by in-situ DRIFT, XRD, TPR, N2 physisorption and H2 chemisorption. 相似文献
6.
Economic assessment of biogas-to-electricity generation system with H2S removal by activated carbon in small pig farm 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study was conducted to assess the economic feasibility of electricity generation from biogas in small pig farms with and without the H2S removal prior to biogas utilisation. The 2% potassium iodide (KI) impregnated activated carbon selected as H2S adsorbent was introduced to a biogas-to-electricity generation system in a small pig farm in Thailand as a case study. With the average inlet H2S concentration of about 2400 ppm to the adsorption unit, the H2S removal efficiency could reach 100% with the adsorption capacity of 0.062 kg of H2S/kg of adsorbent. Under the reference scenario (i.e., 45% subsidy on digester installation and fixed electricity price at 0.06 Euro/kWh) and based on an assumption that the biogas was fully utilised for electricity generation in the system, the payback period for the system without H2S removal was about 4 years. With H2S removal, the payback period was within the economic life of digester but almost twice that of the case without H2S removal. The impact of electricity price could be clearly seen for the case of treated biogas. At the electricity price fixed at 0.07 Euro/kWh, the payback period for the case of treated biogas was reduced to about 5.5 years, with a trend to decrease at higher electricity prices. For both treated and untreated biogas, the governmental subsidy was the important factor determining the economics of the biogas-to-electricity systems. Without subsidy, the payback period increased to almost 7 years and about 11 years for the case of untreated and treated biogas, respectively, at the reference electricity price. Although the H2S removal added high operation cost to the system, it is still highly recommended not only for preventing engine corrosion but also for the environment benefit in which air pollution by H2S/SO2 emission and impact on human health could be potentially reduced. 相似文献
7.
Pattaraporn Chaiprasert Tharapong Vitidsant 《Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering》2009,26(6):1545-1549
Metallic nickel has been selected as a catalyst for biomass gasification because of its activity in biomass steam gasification
and tar reduction. The effects of types of promoters such as platinum, cobalt, and iron on biomass gasification were evaluated.
The area of interest was the effects of preparation methods, which were impregnation and coprecipitation. Catalyst preparation
by the impregnation method showed superior performance. The conclusion can be drawn from the experiments that the platinum
promoter enhanced the reforming reaction, iron promoted a water-gas shift reaction, and the cobalt promoter favored a methanation
reaction. Moreover, the addition of noble metal reduced carbon deposition on Ni/dolomite. 相似文献
8.
Supercritical phase 2-butanol significantly increased the conversion of methanol synthesis from syngas not only by the conventional promotion effect of supercritical fluid but also by the catalytic effect of 2-butanol solvent itself, breaking through the thermodynamic limitation of this reaction effectively. 相似文献
9.
Prasert Reubroycharoen Suwattana Teppood Tharapong Vitidsant Chaiyan Chaiya Suchada Butnark Noritatsu Tsubaki 《Topics in Catalysis》2009,52(8):1079-1084
A new DME synthesis route from syngas at a relatively low temperature (443 K) has been developed for the first time by the
combination of a conventional DME synthesis catalyst (Cu/ZnO:HZSM-5 catalyst) with methanol as a catalytic solvent. The addition
of methanol to the reaction system is the key to the success of DME synthesis at this temperature. Indeed, a CO conversion
of 29 and 43% with a DME selectivity of 69 and 68% were achieved at 443 or 453 K, respectively, and 4 MPa, when methanol was
used as a catalytic solvent. Importantly, no other by-products including methanol and hydrocarbons were observed in the DME
product attained, suggesting no significant subsequent purification stages. Assuming no scale up problems, this process potentially
provides a high purity of DME with less energy consumption, and so offers an opportunity for the economically viable future
sustainable production of DME. 相似文献
10.
Highly efficient sulfur and coking resistance catalysts for tar gasification with steam 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Ni-on-dolomite catalysts were found to be effective catalysts for coking resistance and promising sulfur tolerance for steam reforming of tar. Experiments were carried out in a fixed bed reactor at 730–850 °C with a short contact time (W/F: 0.55 g h/mol) and under atmospheric pressure. Toluene and naphthalene were selected as the model component of tar. The process variables such as calcination temperature, reaction temperature and the content of nickel had substantial influence on promising sulfur tolerance in catalytic tar removal by Ni/Dolomite catalysts. Results were compared with the Ni/Al2O3, Ni/SiO2 as a representative of commercial catalysts. The novel 15%Ni/Dolomite almost gasified tar component even at 770 °C and the presence of 100 ppm H2S in the feed. The poisoning effect of H2S was discovered to be reversible. The suppression of the catalytic activity by adding H2S was much lower for Ni/Dolomite than Ni/Al2O3. The TGA–DTA analysis of used catalysts revealed that Ni/Dolomite exhibited high resistance to coke deposition over those of the Ni/Al2O3, Ni/SiO2. 相似文献