Studies on applications of lypolytic enzymes in detergency II. Evaluation of adaptability of various kinds of lipases in practical laundry conditions

Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society - Kinetic parameter of hydrolysis, degree of hydrolysis, pH and temperature characteristics and positional specificity of hydrolysis of seven kinds...     

Correlates and prognosis in relation to intellectual dysfunction in a community-residing elderly population

To estimate the risk factors for intellectual dysfunction and examine its prognosis in a community-residing (non-institutionalized) elderly population, a randomly selected sample of 1,473 elderly people aged 65 years and over living in S city, Osaka Prefecture, was studied in October 1992, and data were obtained from 1,383, a response rate of 93.9%. A cohort of 1,383 was followed for 42 months and follow-up was completed for 1,300 (94.0%). The main results were as follows: 1) The prevalence of intellectual dysfunction did not differ significantly between sexes, and there was an increasing prevalence of intellectual dysfunction with age in both sexes. The prevalence of severe intellectual dysfunction was found to increase highly at age 85 and over. 2) By univariate analysis, odds ratios for age older than 75 years, low Activities of Daily Living (ADL), urinary and fecal incontinence, and no participation in social activities were significantly higher than 1 in any level of mild, moderate, and severe intellectual dysfunction. In the multivariate analysis using logistic regression, age older than 75 years and urinary and fecal incontinence showed significant higher odds ratios than 1 for severe intellectual dysfunction, and low ADL and treatment for hypertension also showed significant higher odds ratios than 1 for moderate intellectual dysfunction. 3) From analysis using the Kaplan-Meier method, the cumulative survival rates decreased with a decline in intellectual functioning in both age groups of 65-74 and 75 years and older. 4) Application of the Cox proportional hazards model resulted in adjusted hazard ratio for severe intellectual dysfunction of 1.79 (95% confidence interval, 1.02-3.12), controlling for other factors such as sex, age, general health status, incontinence and social activities.     

Current-induced domain nucleation in ferromagnet

A key mechanism of the current-induced magnetization dynamics is the spin torque from a spin polarized current (spin current), which couples to spatial gradient of magnetization. Recently, it was pointed out that a large spin current applied to a uniform ferromagnet leads to a spin-wave instability. In this paper, we show that such instability is absent in a state containing a domain wall. This may indicate that nucleation of magnetic domains occurs above a certain critical spin current. This scenario is supported by an explicit energy comparison between the uniformly magnetized state and the domain-wall state under spin current.     

Current Pumping from Spin Dynamics

We show theoretically that charge and spin currents arise from spin dynamics in the presence of the spin–orbit interaction. The dominant calculation is the inverse spin Hall effect, namely the spin current pumped from precession of local spins is converted into the charge current by the spin–orbit interaction. The conversion mechanism is explained based on the conservation laws of charge and spin.     

A high-performance cross-current type cycloconverter-fed inductionmotor drive system

Making use of the latest techniques, the authors have successfully developed a cross-current-type cycloconverter-fed, squirrel-cage induction motor drive system, which far exceeds DC drive systems over a wide range from zero speed to high speed. It is best suited for tandem cold mill main and various other large-scale rolling mills     

An intelligent system for multivariate statistical process monitoring and diagnosis

A knowledge-based system (KBS) was designed for automated system identification, process monitoring, and diagnosis of sensor faults. The real-time KBS consists of a supervisory system using G2 KBS development software linked with external statistical modules for system identification and sensor fault diagnosis. The various statistical techniques were prototyped in MATLAB, converted to ANSI C code, and linked with the G2 Standard Interface. The KBS automatically performs all operations of data collection, identification, monitoring, and sensor fault diagnosis with little or no input from the user. Navigation throughout the KBS is via menu buttons on each user-accessible screen. Selected process variables are displayed on charts showing the history of the variables over a period of time. Multivariate statistical tests and contribution plots are also shown graphically. The KBS was evaluated using simulation studies with a polymerization reactor through a nonlinear dynamic model. Both normal operation conditions as well as conditions of process disturbances were observed to evaluate the KBS performance. Specific user-defined disturbances were added to the simulation, and the KBS correctly diagnosed both process and sensor faults when present.     

Measurement of spray boiling refrigerant coefficients in an integral-fin tube bundle segment simulating a full bundle

Outside (refrigerant) boiling coefficients for a combination of spray and drip boiling for a low pressure refrigerant have been obtained from overall heat transfer coefficients in a 1024 fins per meter tube bundle segment. The tubes were heated by water on the inside; liquid refrigerant was sprayed and/or dripped on the outside. Also, refrigerant vapor was supplied at the bottom of the bundle segment. This configuration simulates an actual flooded evaporator under spray boiling conditions. The dripping corresponds to liquid film falling from upper rows while the inlet vapor is equivalent to the vaporized refrigerant rising from lower tubes; the refrigerant vapor can influence heat transfer performance by the combined effects of gas convection and liquid shear on the tubes. For a nominal heat flux of 23,975 W/m², a bundle average outside heat transfer coefficient of 8522 W/m² °C, based on nominal tube outer diameter, was found at an average bundle vapor mass flux equal to 12.4 kg/s m². The distributor plate below the bundle enhanced the heat transfer, especially at lower vapor mass fluxes, by providing a level of liquid hold-up just below the bottom tube row.     

Observation of metal on Si(0 0 1) by STM/STS and its consideration based on the first principles calculations

Local density of states (LDOS) is obtained by the first principles calculation based on the density functional theory on the Si(0 0 1)2 × 1 surface and on the surface with an Al dimer. At an Al dimer, LDOS has a high intensity in the conduction band region, which cannot be seen on the Si(0 0 1)2 × 1 surface. This tendency is observed in STS measurements as well. The possibility for a microelementary analysis is presented by applying this method to other metal atoms on the Si surface. Furthermore, it is pointed out that STS measurements should be always performed at the same tip-sample separation to obtain reproducible STS spectrums.     

Effect of guarana on exercise in normal and epinephrine-induced glycogenolytic mice

For cells irradiated by alpha particles in suspension, there is presently no simple test to show that the cell killing can be attributed to alpha-particle passages through the nuclei. In this communication, for a uniform distribution of alpha-particle sources and spherical nuclei, a D0 is calculated such that at least 63% of the cell nuclei have at least one alpha-particle passage. For a uniform distribution of alpha-particle sources and spherical nuclei, it is shown that the average dose for 63% of the cell nuclei to be hit (37% not hit) is equal to the average dose per hit. For this condition an energy deposition of any size would result in cell death and the average dose is the minimum D0 possible. Minimum D0 values are calculated using a Monte Carlo treatment for nuclear diameters from 4 to 10 microm and initial alpha-particle energies between 3.18 and 8.38 MeV.     

Trends on results of health screening for residents in Y city, Osaka from 1986 to 1993

42 patients with 45 implanted total knee endoprostheses (sliding axis endoprosthesis Lübeck, Rp. SG implant) were investigated clinically according to the score of the Knee Joint Society in mean 27.9 months postoperatively. Mean total knee score increased from 34.9 +/- 14.7 to 72.5 +/- 3.1 and mean total functional score could be ameliorated from 40.2 +/- 25.7 to 55.7 +/- 4.5 (maximum points: 100). Evaluation of X-rays (anterior-posterior and lateral views) exhibited a satisfactory position of the prosthesis. Comparison between cemented and cementless implants as well as between primary implants and revision did not reveal any statistically significant differences. Patients with a longer follow-up period (59.8 months) showed results comparable to the mean of the total group. Frequently observed malposition of the axis of more than 3 degrees requires modifications of the orientation instruments. For revision surgeries a modular system for elongation of the stem would be desirable.