Spray dryer processed graphene oxide/reduced graphene oxide for high-performance supercapacitor

This study deals with the utility of mini spray dryer process to improve the dispersibility, of graphene oxide(GO) and its application for high-performance supercapacitor. Initially, the neutral solution of GO was obtained using the modified Hummer's method. After this, the prepared GO solution was processed by mini spray dryer to obtain a more purified, lighter, and dispersed form of GO which is named as spray dryer processed GO (SPGO). The SPGO thus obtained showed excellent dispersibility behavior with various solvents, which is not found in case of conventional oven drying. Furthermore, utility of SPGO and its reduced form (r-SPGO) for supercapacitor applications have been investigated. Results obtained from the cyclic voltammetry(CV) analysis, impedance, and charge-discharge behavior of supercapacitor fabricated using r-SPGO shows enhanced features. Therefore, the simple spray dried GO and its reduced form, that is, r-SPGO can be utilized as a potential candidate for the supercapacitor application. Herein, as synthesized SPGO exhibited the specific capacitance of 12.07 and 37.6 F/g with PVA-H₃PO₄ and 1 mol/L H₃PO₄, respectively, at a scan rate of 5 mV/s. On the other hand, reduced form of SPGO, that is, r-SPGO showed the specific capacitance of 27.16 and 230 F/g with PVA-H₃PO₄ and 1 mol/L H₃PO₄, respectively.     

Densities and excess molar volumes of mixtures containing diesel,biodiesel and alkanols at temperatures from 288.15 to 313.15 K

The present work is focusing on the synthesization and physico-chemical properties of Jatropha curcas biodiesel with diesel and alcohols.The densities of binary diesel (2)+1-alkanols (C_3 or C_4)(3) and ternary Jatropha curcas biodiesel (1)+diesel (2)+1-alkanols (C_3or C_4)(3) blends have been reported over full range of composition at temperatures within range 288.15 to 313.15 K.Also densities of Jatropha curcas biodiesel (1)+diesel or 1-alkanols (C_3 or C_4)(2) blends have been measured at 313.15 K.Excess molar volumes,V~E,V~E_(123)of binary and ternary blends were calculated from the measured data and the derived properties were correlated to composition using Redlich–Kister equation.A reasonable agreement was found between the measured and estimated values.Further,densities and excess molar volumes data were reasoned to discuss molecular interactions taking into consideration effect of composition and temperature.     

Antineoplastic and antioxidant potential of phycofabricated silver nanoparticles using microalgae Chlorella minutissima

This study for the first time reports on fresh water microalgae Chlorella minutissima aqueous extract (CmAe) which was utilized for the biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles and tested their antineoplastic potential against Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HepG2) cell line. The characteristic colour change of the reaction mixture from greenish yellow to yellowish brown confirmed the synthesis of Chlorella minutissima silver nanoparticles (CmAgNPs). Microscopic analysis revealed CmAgNPs to be spherical‐shaped with particle size ranging from 10 to 30 nm. The carbohydrates and proteins distinctive peaks were observed in Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra which suggested these biomolecules acted as reducing and capping agents. Further, the crystalline nature of CmAgNPs was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. CmAgNPs showed maximum free radical scavenging proving it to be more potent antioxidant agent as compared to CmAe. The mortality rate of HepG2 cells treated with CmAgNPs was found to be 91.8 % at 120 μg/ml with IC₅₀ value 12.42 ± 1.096 μg/ml after 48 h whereas no effect was observed on normal Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK 293) cells. Fluorescent images of the treated HepG2 cells revealed the formation of apoptotic bodies, condensed nuclei and cell shrinkage indicating their effectiveness against the cancer cells.Inspec keywords: silver, nanoparticles, nanomedicine, microorganisms, cellular biophysics, nanofabrication, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, proteins, Fourier transform infrared spectra, molecular biophysics, X‐ray chemical analysis, X‐ray diffraction, kidney, cancer, biomedical materialsOther keywords: antineoplastic potential, antioxidant potential, phycofabricated silver nanoparticle, Chlorella minutissima, freshwater microalgae, aqueous extract, liver hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, CmAgNP synthesis, field emission scanning electron microscopy, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, dynamic light scattering, carbohydrate, protein, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, biomolecule, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, elemental silver signal, CmAgNP crystalline, X‐ray diffraction analysis, antioxidant agent, HepG2 cell mortality rate, human embryonic kidney, HEK 293 cell, fluorescent image, apoptotic body formation, condensed nuclei, cell shrinkage, cancer cell, antineoplastic agent, Ag     

Fusion of probabilistic A* algorithm and fuzzy inference system for robotic path planning

Robotic Path planning is one of the most studied problems in the field of robotics. The problem has been solved using numerous statistical, soft computing and other approaches. In this paper we solve the problem of robotic path planning using a combination of A* algorithm and Fuzzy Inference. The A* algorithm does the higher level planning by working on a lower detail map. The algorithm finds the shortest path at the same time generating the result in a finite time. The A* algorithm is used on a probability based map. The lower level planning is done by the Fuzzy Inference System (FIS). The FIS works on the detailed graph where the occurrence of obstacles is precisely known. The FIS generates smoother paths catering to the non-holonomic constraints. The results of A* algorithm serve as a guide for FIS planner. The FIS system was initially generated using heuristic rules. Once this model was ready, the fuzzy parameters were optimized using a Genetic Algorithm. Three sample problems were created and the quality of solutions generated by FIS was used as the fitness function of the GA. The GA tried to optimize the distance from the closest obstacle, total path length and the sharpest turn at any time in the journey of the robot. The resulting FIS was easily able to plan the path of the robot. We tested the algorithm on various complex and simple paths. All paths generated were optimal in terms of path length and smoothness. The robot was easily able to escape a variety of obstacles and reach the goal in an optimal manner.     

水泥窑煅烧带图像数据库系统的研究

利用图像处理技术，将采集到的水泥窑煅烧带图像进行处理，并根据存储条件把有效图像存人数据库，应用基于内容的图像检索技术对数据库中的图像进行检索和对图像数据库的安全管理。     

Sterile keratitis after corneal collagen crosslinking in a child

Corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) is a non invasive technique used in halting the progression of keratoconus. Complications with this modality are rare. We report a case of an 8-year-old child who developed sterile infiltrates in the immediate postoperative period after uneventful corneal collagen crosslinking for keratoconus. The infiltrates resolved with topical steroid therapy. There was also present coexisting vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) which was controlled with topical 2% cyclosporine A eye drops prior to crosslinking treatment. This case highlights importance of controlling VKC prior to CXL in keratoconus as it adds to the risk of developing post operative sterile keratitis.     

Compton profiles of MoP and WP: Validation of second order generalized gradient approximation

Recently, Zhao and Truhlar (J. Chem. Phys. 128, 184109, 2008) have constructed second order generalized gradient approximation (SOGGA) within the density functional theory. The authors have successfully tested the performance of SOGGA by computing lattice constants, cohesive energies, bond distances and few energetic quantities of different solids and molecules. In this paper, to establish the usefulness of SOGGA in deducing the momentum densities, we have compared our experimental Compton profiles of MoP and WP with those computed using GGA and SOGGA within density functional theory. It is seen that SOGGAPBE based Compton profiles of both the samples are in better agreement with the corresponding experimental data than those derived from BPBE-GGA. In addition, energy bands, density of states and relative nature of bonding in both the phosphides is explained in terms of equal-valence-electron-density profiles and Mulliken’s population analysis.