Studying the efficiency of the diesel fuel isodewaxing process on a zeolite-containing nickel–molybdenum catalyst

A GIP-14 diesel fuel isodewaxing catalyst based on a mixture of zeolites with different pore structures and entrance sizes and transition metals Ni and Mo as hydrogenating components is developed. Its stability during operation is studied. It is shown that the cold filter plugging point (CFPP) of the diesel fuel reaches values below–38°C at its yield of 92–93 wt %, temperatures of 305–310°C, and a feedstock hourly space velocity (FHSV) of 3 h^?1. A pilot diesel fuel sample is tested according to GOST (Russian State Standard) R 55475–2013. Comparative tests of domestic and foreign catalysts show that the developed GIP-14 catalyst conforms to international standards and allows the production of diesel fuel with required cold flow properties under milder conditions (300°C against 320–325°C for the foreign catalyst) at a higher FHSV (3 h^?1 against 2 h^?1). The production of GIP-14 catalyst is planned to be launched in 2017.     

Plasma–melt processing of carbon-containing raw materials

The experimental and theoretical studies of the gasification of solid organic compounds by a melt technology were carried out for the two types of carbon-containing materials: slime and tar. The experimental works and the simulation showed that this gasification method can be used for the effective utilization of oilrefining and petrochemical-processing wastes with the simultaneous production of high-purity synthesis gas.     

Estimating the Performance in Risk Reduction for Gasfield Plant

Estimates are made of the adverse consequences in open gushing of an oil or condensate borehole, and also in sudden breakage in a gas pipeline or oilfield pipe without combustion and with explosion, or on the complete failure of vessels containing hydrocarbons. A definition is given of performance of measures that raise the safety of gasfield plant.__________Translated from Khimicheskoe i Neftegazovoe Mashinostroenie, No. 5, pp. 39–42, May 2005.     

Method for Concurrent Identification of a Linear Dynamic Measurement System Based on Preliminary Nonlinear Transformation of the Input Signal

Measurement Techniques - We consider the problem of the concurrent identification of a linear dynamic measuring system with an unknown input signal under the influence of various destabilizing...     

Effect of synthesis conditions on the properties of nanocrystalline faujasites

The effect of crystallization parameters on the properties of nanocrystalline zeolites Y has been studied to optimize the synthesis conditions. Zeolites Y are prepared by the three-stage hydrothermal crystallization with a gradual rise in synthesis temperature from room temperature to 60°C using the Na₂O/SiO₂ ratio in the reaction mixture and the number and duration of individual synthesis stages as variable synthesis parameters. It has been shown that an increase in the Na₂O/SiO₂ molar ratio in the reaction mixture above 9.6 leads to a change in the crystallization selectivity and causes formation of zeolite X with a crystal size of 200 nm as a crystalline product. An increase in the duration of the synthesis stage at 60°C is accompanied by increase in the crystal size and entails formation of an analcime impurity phase. A decrease in the duration of reaction mixture aging stages at 25 and 38°C leads to an increase in the zeolite Y nanocrystal sizes and a decrease in the crystalline product yield. It has been found that a pure zeolite Y phase with a nanocrystal size of 320–350 nm and a SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratio of 3.6–4.2 is formed during the three-stage synthesis from a (7.2–9.6)Na₂O · Al₂O₃ · 14.4 SiO₂ · 290 H₂O reaction mixture with a yield of 0.60–0.88 g/g of reaction mixture.     

Demercaptanization of Light Hydrocarbon Fractions with Strong Aqueous Ammonia without Producing Sulfur Caustic Wastewater

Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering - A technology for the demercaptanization of light hydrocarbon fractions and liquefied petroleum gas with 25% aqueous ammonia is proposed. One...     

An Electrochemical Generator Containing Cylindrical Aluminum-Air Cells

The article considers matters concerned with optimizing the design and technology of aluminum-air electrochemical generators for emergency and backup power supply to different consumers. The physicochemical principles used to construct such generators are briefly described. Owing to the absence of self-discharge in the energy storage mode, aluminum-air generators can remain in the waiting mode for a longer period of time as compared with electrochemical storage batteries or hydrogen-air fuel cells. The source is activated by adding water to it. To obtain better specific parameters of aluminum-air cells and improve their manufacturability, a cylindrical cell design is proposed. One-off cells and a battery have been developed, fabricated, and tested. The obtained results are compared with the data from testing a battery and cells having a flat design. The possibility of obtaining essentially better specific characteristics due to making a shift to a cylindrical design is shown. Owing to the proposed design, more efficient use of aluminum has been achieved along with simplifying the system for maintaining the thermal balance of the cell and battery. The article presents the results from testing a single aluminum-air cell and a four-cell battery, which showed the need to adjust the concentration of electrolyte in cells and batteries of this type. The obtained data are compared with the results from tests of previously fabricated aluminum-air elements of the classical flat design. For determining the prospects for using generators of this type, their technical and economic characteristics were compared with those of the main competing sources of emergency and backup power supply, including lead-acid and lithium-ion storage batteries, and with hydrogen-air electrochemical generators. The characteristic time of power source operation and the frequency of its coming into action for which the use of aluminum-air electrochemical generators is economically justified are determined, and recommendations on extending the range of these parameters are given.