含氮生物降解促进剂对土壤吸附正十六烷的影响

Effects of nitrogen-contained biodegradation enhancers: methyl diethanolamine oleate (MDEAO) and oleic diethanolamide (ODEA) on the adsorption behavior of n-hexadecane in soil were studied by laboratory batch experiments. The effect of two biodegradation enhancers on the partition coefficient (Kd values) and normalized to organic matter (Koc values) were determined. The adsorption isotherm curve of n-hexadecane in soil-water system were plotted. The measured results demonstrated that Koc values changed in the soil-water system with different enhancers but are relatively invariant for the same site soil. The Kd values rose with the increase of the organic matter content in different soil. The average values of Koc in soil-water system with MDEAO, ODEA and blank soil were 0.412, 0.252 and 0.309, respectively. The critical micelle concentration of ODEA and MDEAO were 0.7 mg/L and 1.9 mg/L, respectively, which means the solubilization capacity of ODEA is much stronger than MDEAO in soil-water system. Consequently, adsorption of MDEAO onto the solid surface increases the organic matter content in soil and makes it more effective in enhancing n-hexadecane adsorption. Oppositely, ODEA inhibits the adsorption of n-hexadecane due to less adsorption onto the soil particle surface and higher concentration in the soil-water system. According to the correlation coefficients, it was found that both Henry linear and Freundlich nonlinear isotherm sorption models were fitted to the data very well but the Freundlich model was better.     

甲基二乙醇胺脂肪酸酯提高矿物基础油的生物降解性和摩擦学性能

制备了甲基二乙醇胺正辛酸酯和甲基二乙醇胺油酸酯，采用润滑剂生物降解快速测定仪和四球试验机分别研究了这两种甲基二乙醇胺脂肪酸酯对400SN矿物基础油生物降性和摩擦学性能的影响，试验结果表明甲基二乙醇胺正辛酸酯和甲基二乙醇胺油酸酯明显促进了基础油的生物降解，提高了基础油的摩擦学性能。利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能谱仪（EDS）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）分析了磨斑的表面形貌及元素的化学状态，试验结果表明这两种甲基二乙醇胺脂肪酸酯在磨斑表面形成了由吸附膜和摩擦化学反应产生的Fe2O3 ，Fe3O4及含氮化合物的化学反应膜组成的复杂的边界润滑膜，从而提高了基础油的抗磨减摩性能。     

润滑油生物降解性评价方法综述

润滑油的生物降解性是指润滑油在微生物作用下最终降解成为二氧化碳和水的能力。评价润滑油生物降解性常用的方法有欧洲经济合作与发展组织(OECD)方法,国际标准化组织(ISO)方法,美国材料与试验协会(ASTM)方法和欧洲协调委员会(CEC)方法,不同的方法有不同的特点和适用范围。但这些方法均存在着试验周期长,成本较高,程序繁琐,再现性差和检测精度不高的弊端。针对这些问题,对常用的评价方法进行了改进,例如改进后的CEC方法的生物降解率误差在5.5%以内。同时还介绍了其它评价润滑油生物降解性的方法。评价润滑油的生物降解性时,要选用合适的评价方法。     

相变材料的研究进展

综述了相变材料的种类,并主要从相变机理、自身缺陷、改进方案等方面对无机、有机两大类相变材料进行了总结。概括了4种制备复合相变材料的工艺路线,简单介绍了相变材料在建筑节能、工业余热回收、调温纤维等领域的应用,最后对相变材料今后的研究方向进行了展望。     

环保型金属缓蚀剂的研究进展

综述了近年来环保型金属缓蚀剂的研究进展.主要介绍了5种环保型金属缓蚀剂,总结了每种缓蚀剂的缓蚀机理,并对环保型金属缓蚀剂的发展趋势进行了展望.     

油酸二乙醇酰胺对润滑油在水-土体系中吸附行为的影响研究

采用振荡平衡法对含油酸二乙醇酰胺（简称ODEA）润滑油在水-土体系中的吸附行为进行研究,考察在水-土体系中含ODEA润滑油的吸附动力学特征及其吸附等温曲线。结果表明：润滑油及含ODEA润滑油均能较快地被土壤吸附,吸附动力学曲线符合Lagergren伪二级动力学方程,吸附等温曲线符合Freundlich和Henry吸附等温模型;ODEA可以抑制润滑油在土壤中的吸附量和吸附速率,ODEA质量浓度为4 mg/L时,抑制吸附效果最为显著。