多环芳烃在广州市大气中垂直高度浓度分布和昼夜变化

摘利用TSP大流量采样器分别在2010年8月和12月于广州市某铁塔(50 m和100 m)处进行大气采样,并分析大气样品中多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)的浓度分布、组成分布、垂直变化、昼夜变化、季节变化。结果显示:在海拔高度100 m(塔高50 m)的采样点处,广州市大气(气相+颗粒相)中PAHs夏季白天(98 ng/m~3)和夜间(99 ng/m~3)浓度均高于冬季的白天(56 ng/m~3)和夜间(84 ng/m~3);但在海拔高度150 m(塔高100 m)的采样点处,大气中(气相+颗粒相)中PAH夏季白天(53 ng/m~3)和夜间浓度(73 ng/m~3)略低或相当于冬季的白天(62 ng/m~3)和夜间浓度(77 ng/m~3)。     

生物慢滤工艺不同深度净化景观水效果研究

生物慢滤工艺对COD、SCOD和浊度去除率分别可达到49%、46%和77%;对COD、SCOD和浊度,系统表层填料对COD、SCOD和浊度的去除贡献较大;在填料5 cm以下装置对有机物和浊度的去除曲线斜率基本一致。生物慢滤池对于TP和溶解性磷酸盐可达到70%以上;系统对总氮去除率一般只有18.0%~30.0%,对氨氮去除率可达33%~67%。沿不同深度,磷和总氮的去除率基本呈不断增大的趋势;而氨氮的去除率呈现先增大后减小的规律。     

生物慢滤工艺不同深度净化景观水效果研究

生物慢滤工艺对COD、SCOD和浊度去除率分别可达到49%、46%和77%;对COD、SCOD和浊度,系统表层填料对COD、SCOD和浊度的去除贡献较大;在填料5 cm以下装置对有机物和浊度的去除曲线斜率基本一致。生物慢滤池对于TP和溶解性磷酸盐可达到70%以上;系统对总氮去除率一般只有18.0%~30.0%,对氨氮去除率可达33%~67%。沿不同深度,磷和总氮的去除率基本呈不断增大的趋势;而氨氮的去除率呈现先增大后减小的规律。     

Integrated evaluation system under randomness and fuzziness for groundwater contamination risk assessment in a little town,Central China简

An integrated evaluation system under randomness and fuzziness was developed in this work to systematically assess the risk of groundwater contamination in a little town, Central China. In this system, randomness of the parameters and the fuzziness of the risk were considered simultaneously, and the exceeding standard probability of contamination and human health risk due to the contamination were integrated. The contamination risk was defined as a combination of ＂vulnerability＂ and ＂hazard＂. To calculate the value of ＂vulnerability＂, pollutant concentration was simulated by MODFLOW with random input variables and a new modified health risk assessment （MRA） model was established to analyze the level of ＂hazard＂. The limit concentration based on environmental-guideline and health risk due to manganese were systematically examined to obtain the general risk levels through a fuzzy rule base. The ＂vulnerability＂ and ＂hazard＂ were divided into five categories of ＂high＂, ＂medium-high＂, ＂medium＂, ＂low-medium＂ and ＂low＂, respectively. Then, ＂vulnerability＂ and ＂hazard＂ were firstly combined by integrated evaluation. Compared with the other two scenarios under deterministic methods, the risk obtained in the proposed system is higher. This research illustrated that ignoring of uncertainties in evaluation process might underestimate the risk level.     

基于改进的潜在生态风险指数的霞湾港底泥重金属生态风险评价(英文)

基于潜在生态风险指数(RI)和风险评价代码(RAC),建立改进的潜在生态风险指数(MRI)。该方法考虑了单个重金属不同形态毒性的不同。以株洲霞湾港底泥为例,研究Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn的污染状况及其形态特征,并分别运用潜在生态风险指数、风险评价代码以及改进的潜在生态风险指数3种方法对霞湾港底泥进行风险评价。实验数据显示,霞湾港底泥的重金属污染严重。根据改进的潜在生态风险指数,重金属生态风险呈现CdPbCuZn递减的顺序。通过对比得出,改进的生态风险评价综合了潜在生态风险指数和风险评价代码2种方法的优点,评价结果更加可靠,能够为风险管理提供一定的理论依据。