Thermal,morphostructural and spectrometric characterization of an antibacterial kaolinite-based filter modified with silver for water treatment

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - The aim of this work is to synthesize and characterize a new structured silver–clay dried, calcined or sintered at different temperatures...     

Synthesis, characterisation and thermal behaviour of solid state compounds of 4-methylbenzylidenepyruvate with some bivalent metal ions

Solid state M-4-Me-BP compounds, where M stands for bivalent Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb and 4-Me-BP is 4-methylbenzylidenepyruvate, have been synthesized. Simultaneous thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffractometry, infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and complexometry were used to characterise and to study the thermal behaviour of these compounds. The results led to information about the composition, dehydration, thermal stability and thermal decomposition of the isolated complexes.     

Reagentless biosensor for isocitrate using one step modified Pt-Ir microelectrode

The Pt-Ir microelectrode modified through one step electropolymerization is proposed for the isocitrate amperometric biosensor construction. The enzyme (isocitrate dehydrogenase-ICDH), coenzyme (NADP(+)) and mediator (Meldola's Blue) were immobilized onto the microelectrode surface in one step from a PIPES buffer solution containing pyrrole. The optimized experimental conditions were 25 cycles of cyclic voltammetric in a solution containing 3.58 10(-5) mol l(-1) of mediator, 3.51 10(-4) mol l(-1) of coenzyme and 2.68 U ml(-1) of enzyme. In contrast to the biosensor for isocitrate reported in literature, just one enzyme was immobilized and no coenzyme addition in the solution of analysis was necessary. Catalytic currents were proportional to the isocitrate concentration between 7.7 10(-6) and 1.04 10(-4) mol l(-1), showing good repeatability. The detection limit of the proposed biosensor was 3.50 10(-6) mol l(-1), the response time was lower than 20 s, the lifetime was about 30 determinations and no significant interference of sugars and citric acid was verified. Orange juice samples were analysed by both methodology biosensor and spectrophotometric commercial kit, and the obtained results presented a good correlation. The data demonstrated that the developed biosensor is suitable for isocitrate determination in orange juice without matrix interferences.     

Thermal studies on protein isolates of white lupin seeds (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Lupinus albus</Emphasis>)

This study used TG, DSC, and SDS-PAGE techniques to study protein isolates (PIs) in the powder form obtained from lupin seeds flour Lupinus albus. Different methods of preparing PIs were tested, resulting in final products that were different only in relation to the yield and protein content. The results of the protein analysis by SDS-PAGE showed that the same protein fractions were present in the lupin seeds and in the obtained PIs. This result shows that the process of extraction was not damaging to the composition of the original protein. On the other hand, the results of the thermal analysis (DSC and TG–DTG curves) obtained for the different PIs, led to the detection of changes in the protein conformation through the ΔH values, which in general decreased with increasing values of pH and ionic strength in the experimental conditions of extraction.     

DSC studies on protein isolate of guava seeds <Emphasis Type="Italic">Psidium guajava</Emphasis>

Glutelin, the major protein fraction from guava seed, was obtained by fractioning as described by Osborne. The total proteins were extracted and the isolates obtained by isoelectric precipitation presented similar DSC curves, concordant with the results obtained by gel filtration chromatography and electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel (PAGE-SDS). However, the DSC curves showed a higher enthalpy with regard to the denaturing protein isolate (PI) extracted at pH 10.0 when compared to a PI at pH 11.5. Such results are in accordance with those obtained for PI extracted at pH 10.0 using chromatography, this one being present in the form of molecular aggregates of greater molecular mass. The glutelin fraction, however, did not present a denaturation peak in the DSC curve, showing that the process for obtaining the same significantly altered its conformation.     

Solid-state Reactions of Mercury with Pure Noble Metals Part 2. Mercury–iridium system

Thermogravimetry, cyclic voltammetry and other analytical techniques were used to study the reactions of mercury with pure iridium. The results allowed to suggest when subjected to heat or anodic stripping voltammetry an electrodeposited mercury film reacts with Ir substrate and at least three mass loss steps and three peaks appear in the mercury desorption process. The first two were attributed to Hg(0)species removal like a mercury bulk and a mercury monolayer. The last can be ascribed to the mercury removal from a solid solution with iridium. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Thermal behaviour of intercalated 8-hydroxyquinoline (oxine) in montmorillonite clay

The composite montmorillonite-8-hydroxyquinoline (Swy-1-8-HQ) was prepared by two different processes and studied by using thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG and DSC), as well as helpful techniques as fluorescence in the UV-visible region and X-ray diffraction. The composites developed fluorescent appearance, however with quantum poor efficiency and they exhibited distinct TG and DSC thermal behavior. The fluorescence data of spectra associated to the TG/DT curves allowed to suggest that the 8-HQ was present in the composites in two different circumstances: 1 - intercalated in the interlayer spaces (Swy-1-8-HQ2), rigidly associated to the substrate feasible as a monolayer with the aromatic rings parallel to the silica layer; and/or, 2 - adsorbed on the surface (Swy-1-8-HQ1), either as a bilayer formation or tilting of the molecules to the silicate layer sheet. All results confirmed above are in agreement with X-ray diffraction patterns, once the interlayer space increases when 8-HQ is incorporated. The experimental results confirm the formation of the composites in agreement with the method used in the preparation. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Contribution to the Study of the Solid-state Reaction of Mercury With Pure Rhodium

Thermogravimetry (TG) and other analysis techniques (EDX, SEM, Mapping surface, X-ray diffraction, inductively coupled argon plasma emission spectroscopy and atomic spectrometry with cold vapor generation) were used to study the reaction of Hg with Rh. The results permitted the suggestion that, when subjected to heat, an electrodeposited Hg film reacts with Rh to form intermetallic products with different stabilities, as indicated by at least three mass loss steps. In the first step, between room temperature and 160°C, only the bulk Hg is removed. From this temperature up to about 175°C, the mass loss can be attributed to the desorption of a film of metallic Hg. The last step, from 175 to 240°C, can be ascribed to the removal of Hg from a thin dark film of RhHg₂ . This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Decomposition kinetics of iron (III)-diclofenac compound

Non-isothermal decomposition of iron (III)-diclofenac anhydrous salt was investigated by thermogravimetry (TG) under different conditions in opened and closed α-alumina pans under nitrogen atmosphere. To estimate the activation energy of decomposition, the Capela and Ribeiro isoconversional method was applied. The results show that due to the lid cover different activation energies were obtained. From these curves a tendency can be seen where the plots maintain the same profile for closed lids and almost run parallel to each other. Independently of the different experimental conditions no remarkably different results have been obtained.