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We propose a new lens scheme to focus cold atoms by using a controllable inhomogeneous magnetic field from a square current-carrying wire fabricated on a chip. The spatial distributions of the magnetic field are calculated, and the results show that the generated magnetic field is a two-dimensional (2D) quadrupole one and can be used to focus cold atoms or a cold atomic beam. The dynamic processes of cold atoms passing through our square wire layout and its focusing properties are studied by using Monte Carlo simulations. Our study shows that the atomic clouds can be focused effectively by our magnetic lens scheme, and the focal length of the atomic lens and its radius of focused spot can be continuously changed by adjusting the current in the wires. 相似文献
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The use of the reverse atom transfer radical polymerization (RATRP) to end-functionalize poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) with fullerenes, e.g. C60 and C70 was described in this paper. The Cl-terrninated PMMA was prepared via RATRP with designed molecular weight and narrow molecular weight distributions, and then directly used to react with fullerenes to produce C60(C70) terminated PMMA polymers in the presence of CuBr/Cu/bipy or FeCl2/bipy catalysts. The resultant polymers exhibit good solubility in some common organic solvents, e.g. THF, CHCl3 and toluene, and were well structurally characterized by a variety of physical techniques. 相似文献
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研究了矿化剂对中低品位铝矾土对所制备铝酸钙粉的结构及其光谱性能的影响。以中低品位铝钒土和碳酸钙为主要原料,矿化剂CaF2为添加剂,三者经充分混合、 高温煅烧和粉磨后,生产出的铝酸钙粉可直接用于制备聚合氯化铝、 聚合硫酸铝、 铝酸钠等水处理剂。通过调整原料中铝矾土和碳酸钙的质量比和矿化剂CaF2投加量的方法优化铝酸钙粉的制备工艺,采用红外光谱分析对铝酸钙粉和铝矾土进行表征,并对矿化剂的矿化机理进行研究。红外光谱分析结果表明:加入矿化剂CaF2,可促进铝矾土中硬水铝石、 三水铝石和高岭石的分解转化,使碳酸钙的分解完全,使原料中的铝矾土与碳酸钙进行更加充分的反应,不仅有助于碳酸钙中的Ca与铝矾土中的Si结合,还有助于促进铝矾土中的Si—O,Si—O—Al及Al—Si键的断裂,使铝矾土中的Al充分溶出,从而提高Al2O3的溶出率;矿化剂CaF2的投加量(质量比)为3%时,可有效促进Al2O3的溶出;矿化剂CaF2的投加量为1.5%时,不足以起到充分的矿化作用;中低品位铝矾土较高品位铝矾土更易于烧结制备铝酸钙粉;在1 250 ℃下制备铝酸钙粉的最佳物料配比是:原料中铝矾土与碳酸钙的质量比为1∶0.6,矿化剂CaF2的投加量为3%。 相似文献
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城市快速路交通流速密关系模型优化研究 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
从实测得到的210920中国城市快速路“车速-车头间距”数据中, 选取包含26773条数据的3个样本作为不同类型交通流的代表, 对多个交通流“速-密关系”模型 进行参数优化和拟合优度比较研究, 给出优化模型参数的定性和定量规律. 修正形式的 Kerner-Konhauser平衡函数和Payne平衡函数通过参数优化, 分别在畅通和拥挤条件下具有 优度相对最高的拟合结果, Greenshields模型(等价地, m=3时的一维管流模型)则对介于 两种条件之间的实测数据具有优度相对最高的拟合结果. 相似文献
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In the field of traffic flow studies, compulsive lane-changing refers to lane-changing(LC) behaviors due to traffic rules or bad road conditions, while free LC happens when drivers change lanes to drive on a faster or less crowded lane. LC studies based on differential equation models accurately reveal LC influence on traffic environment. This paper presents a second-order partial differential equation(PDE) model that simulates both compulsive LC behavior and free LC behavior,with lane-changing source terms in the continuity equation and a lane-changing viscosity term in the momentum equation.A specific form of this model focusing on a typical compulsive LC behavior, the ‘off-ramp problem', is derived. Numerical simulations are given in several cases, which are consistent with real traffic phenomenon. 相似文献
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在柔性聚酰亚胺衬底上低温制备Cu(In,Ga)Se2薄膜太阳能电池, Na的掺入会改善电池特性, 但不同的掺Na工艺对Cu(In,Ga)Se2薄膜和器件特性的改善机理不同. 本实验通过对比前掺NaF和后掺NaF工艺发现, 在前掺Na工艺下, 由于Na始终存在于Cu(In,Ga)Se2薄膜生长过程中, Na存在于多晶 Cu(In,Ga)Se2 薄膜晶界处, 起到了扩散势垒的作用, 导致晶粒细碎、加剧两相分离, 同时减小了施主缺陷的形成概率; 而在后掺Na工艺下, 掺入的Na对薄膜的结构及生长不产生影响, 仅仅起到了钝化施主缺陷、改善薄膜缺陷态的作用. 同时, 研究表明, 后掺Na工艺中, NaF必须依靠外界能量辅助才能扩散进Cu(In,Ga)Se2内部, 实验结果证实, 只有衬底温度达到350 ℃以上时, 掺入的NaF才能较好地改善薄膜特性. 最终经掺Na工艺的优化, 得到低温工艺制备的柔性聚酰亚胺衬底器件效率达10.4%. 相似文献
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基于在分岔路口满足用户均衡原理的假定,研究了由三条路段和两个交叉路口组成的简单闭环路网的交通流定常解问题,发现定常解参数及其性态依赖于路网上的车流总数:当车流总数不大于第一个临界值,或不小于第二个临界值时,定常解在每一条路段上均为密度取常数的平凡解;否则,在瓶颈路口(上游最大流量大于下游最大流量的路口)的上游路段将产生激波间断,呈排队等候现象.对分岔路口和交汇路口为瓶颈的情况,分别给出了完整的解析结果 相似文献
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