The impact of low-dose versus high-dose antibiotic prophylaxis regimens on surgical site infection rates after cesarean delivery

Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics - The objective of this study was to determine if high-dose antibiotic prophylaxis with cefazolin decreases the risk of surgical site infection (SSI) after a...     

European brown hare syndrome in the U.K.; a calicivirus related to but distinct from that of viral haemorrhagic disease in rabbits

Summary The virus recovered from cases of European brown hare syndrome in the U.K. contains one major capsid protein of approximately 60 k molecular weight and morphologically resembles known caliciviruses. It has been compared with a European isolate of rabbit haemorrhagic disease calicivirus and, although it shows some antigenic similarity, it is not identical. In transmission and protection studies the virus from U.K. hares failed to produce disease in rabbits and did not effectively protect against subsequent challenge with the rabbit calicivirus.     

Investigation of immunoperoxidase-labelled rotavirus in tissue culture by light and electron microscopy

A tissue culture-adapted strain of bovine rotavirus, grown in calf kidney monolayers, has been examined by light and electron microscopy after immunoperoxidase labelling. Some of the characteristic problems associated with pre-embedding methods have been demonstrated. Preparative techniques involving pretreatment of infected cells with a detergent followed by a detergent/fixative combination have enabled virus antigen to be labelled while maintaining satisfactory ultrastructural preservation.     

Morphogenesis of avian infectious bronchitis virus in primary chick kidney cells

Summary Primary chick kidney cells were infected with avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and examined by electron microscopy. Virus particles entered the cells by viropexis and distinction could be made between engulfment by cell processes (phagocytosis) and entry by micropinocytosis in coated transport vesicles.Virus maturation occurred by budding into either the cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum or cytoplasmic vacuoles, and evidence was obtained to suggest that the viral surface projections could be attached during the budding process. Late in infection large numbers of virus particles were present, mainly in cytoplasmic vacuoles, and the majority were released by cell lysis. Release by fusion of vacuoles with the plasma membrane was also observed, and individual virions could be transported from the endoplasmic reticulum to the surface within coated vesicles.With 10 Figures     

A new type of atypical rotavirus in pigs

Summary Two independent isolates of an unusual type of rotavirus were obtained from over 900 faecal samples obtained from piglets with diarrhoea. Genome profiles, containing eleven segments, were not characteristic of group A electropherotypes and corresponded to an atypical virus. The profiles were, however, distinct from those of other previously described atypical porcine rotaviruses. Serological comparisons showed that the two isolates were related, but unrelated to other known groups of porcine rotavirus. The new isolates were passaged in gnotobiotic piglets in which they caused mild clinical signs of enteritis. A survey of porcine sera from the United Kingdom indicated a widespread distribution of antibody to this virus in pigs aged 10 weeks and over.With 3 Figures     

Virus-like particles in bovine turbinate cells infected with bovine virus diarrhoea/mucosal disease virus

Summary Thin sections of bovine turbinate cells grown in culture and infected with the NADL strain of bovine virus diarrhoea/mucosal disease virus have been examined by electron microscopy. Infected cells exhibited ultrastructural modification of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and associated with this small numbers of virus-like particles were observed. Advanced stages of cytopathic effect were illustrated by cells showing a marked increase in electron-density. These features were not observed in uninfected control cultures.With 6 Figures     

Detection of a novel fimbrial structure on the surface of Salmonella enteritidis by using a monoclonal antibody.

A fimbrialike structure expressed on the surface of Salmonella enteritidis was identified by using a monoclonal antibody (69/25) produced against intact S. enteritidis cells. Fimbriae were less than 5 nm in diameter and carried a protein consisting of subunits with a molecular weight of 14,300. No hemagglutinating activity associated with the fimbriae was detected. An epitope on the fimbrial antigen identified by monoclonal antibody 69/25 was expressed by all 58 S. enteritidis strains, 12 of 36 S. dublin strains, and a single strain of S. moscow examined. None of 169 other isolates tested from 17 salmonella serogroups expressed this epitope.     

Atypical rotavirus and villous epithelial cell syncytia in piglets

Histopathological examination of small and large intestine from piglets with enteritis has shown the presence of epithelial multinucleate syncytia. Syncytia were associated with a specific type of atypical rotavirus infection, determined by electron microscopy and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of viral RNA. The observations are consistent with similar previously described natural or experimental infections in other animals.