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排序方式: 共有188条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Weiss Roxanne Loth Andreas Leinung Martin Balster Sven Hirth Daniel Stöver Timo Helbig Silke Kramer Sabine 《European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology》2020,277(3):751-759
European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - The objective of this prospective, single-subject, repeated measures study was to evaluate the audiological benefit and patient satisfaction with an... 相似文献
2.
The lack of procedures which can unequivocally demonstrate cannabinoid self-administration in animals has been an obstacle to the study of the neural basis for the reinforcing effects of this drug class. Because delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta(9)-THC) produce a relatively slow-onset, long-lasting behavioral effect, a self-administration procedure with widely spaced drug deliveries was evaluated as an alternative to fixed-ratio schedules which typically require frequent, closely spaced injections to demonstrate reinforcing effects. Three adult male rhesus monkeys were surgically implanted with intravenous catheters and trained to self-administer phencyclidine (PCP) under a 10min fixed-interval schedule of reinforcement. Three injections were available each day, separated by 2h periods during which responding had no programmed consequences. In an attempt to link the effect of the drug with the response which produced it, each 20s injection was paired with a red light which remained illuminated for 10min. PCP (100μg/kg/injection) maintained steady rates of responding during each availability period, ranging from approximately 0.2 to 0.7 responses/s. During 7 day substitution periods, Delta(9)-THC (17-100μg/kg/injection) maintained low rates of responding which occasionally surpassed those during vehicle substitutions, but fell far below rates maintained by PCP. Substitution tests with the potent Delta(9)-THC analog CP 55,940 also resulted in low rates of responding. These results demonstrate that Delta(9)-THC is a poor reinforcer in animals, even under conditions where some of its unfavourable biodispositional properties are taken into consideration. 相似文献
3.
It has been reported that cannabidiol (CBD) antagonizes the effects of 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on operant behavior in rats and pigeons. We have replicated this finding with rhesus monkeys. Four rhesus monkeys were trained to lever press on a fixedinterval 5-min schedule of food presentation with a 1-min limited hold and 1-min time out between successive intervals. The effects of 0.3 and 1.0 mg/kg THC alone were determined three times during the experiment; before the CBD-THC interaction, after the CBD-THC interaction and once with the CBD vehicle. A dose of 30 mg/kg CBD, which alone resulted in a 24% reduction in responding, completely antagonized the response rate reduction produced by 0.3 mg/kg THC. The effects of THC revealed a rate-dependent effect that did not conform to the log-linear rate-dependency plots described for most other drugs.This research was reported at the FASEB Meeting in Atlantic City, NJ in 1978 [Fed. Proc. 37: 739 (Abs.) 1978] 相似文献
4.
Rats trained to discriminate intraperitoneally injected phencyclidine (PCP) from saline in a two-lever operant procedure distributed most of their responses on the phencyclidine lever after administration of 150 or 300 μg of phencyclidine into a lateral ventricle. This demonstrated that the discriminative stimulus properties of phencyclidine were centrally mediated. On the other hand, the potency of phencyclidine was increased by no more than about 7-fold from intraperitoneal to intraventricular administration. This suggests that either periventricular sites are not involved in mediating the discriminative stimulus properties of phencyclidine or that absorption of phencyclidine to relevant sites in the brain is not markedly enhanced by intraventricular administration. 相似文献
5.
William L. Woolverton Billy R. Martin Robert L. Balster 《Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior》1980,12(5):761-766
In the first experiment, the effects of phencyclidine (PCP) on intake of sweetened condensed milk by rats were compared before and during a period of repeated daily injections of PCP or saline. A shift to the right in the PCP dose-effect function was found in rats receiving daily PCP injections indicating tolerance development to the effects of PCP on milk intake. The dose-effect function of PCP was shifted to the right in animals receiving daily saline as well. However, when body weight changes were controlled for in this groups of animals, the effects of PCP were the same as they had been initially, implicating body weight as a determinant of the behavioral effects of PCP. In the second experiment, a direct comparison of the behavioral effects of PCP in high- and low-weight animals revealed diminished effects of PCP in high-weight animals. When these animals were treated with 3H-PCP, brain total radioactivity as well as 3H-PCP in the high-weight animals were significantly lower than those in the low-weight animals. 相似文献
6.
Blokhina EA Dravolina OA Bespalov AY Balster RL Zvartau EE 《European journal of pharmacology》2004,485(1-3):211-218
Volatile organic solvents, fuels and anesthetics are subject to abuse. The aim of the present study was to evaluate i.v. self-administration of several of these chemicals in drug- and experiment-naive mice using a commercially available vehicle, intralipid. Two strains of mice (DBA/2 and Swiss) were allowed to self-administer toluene (0.0017-0.17 micromol/infusion), 1,1,1-trichloroethane (0.006-0.19 micromol/infusion), ethanol (0.32-1.6 micromol/infusion), cyclohexane (0.0017-0.052 micromol/infusion), propofol (0.01-0.53 micromol/infusion) and flurothyl (0.00042-0.072 micromol/infusion) or their vehicles during 30-min tests. During the test, each nose-poke of the master mouse resulted in a 1.88-microl i.v. infusion to the master mouse and a yoked control mouse. When the delivery line was loaded with a reinforcing drug solution, the number of nose-pokes of the master mice significantly exceeded that for yoked control mice. In the present experiments, significant differences in rates of nose-poking were observed between mice receiving response-contingent and response-noncontingent deliveries of ethanol and toluene in both strains of mice and of 1,1,1-trichloroethane in Swiss mice. These data suggest that the reinforcing effects of abused inhalants can be studied using i.v. self-administration procedures. 相似文献
7.
Current approaches to studying acquisition of drug self-administration have modest power to detect individual differences in the pattern of acquisition or to efficiently and accurately describe trajectories of behavior change. Methodological advances in human research have elucidated approaches to describing repeated measure data that focus on modeling the behavior of individual subjects. In this article, we re-analyzed data published in using growth curve modeling to characterize the acquisition of nicotine-taking in rats. Change over time in the infusion rate was examined, revealing that the acquisition process could be described with a quadratic equation represented by intercept, slope, and acceleration parameters. Unit dose of nicotine, sex and fixed ratio (FR) schedule of reinforcement had significant effects on the acquisition curves. Dose altered the absolute rate of infusions, but not the slope or acceleration, indicating that, when an effective dose was available, the shape of acquisition trajectories was not affected by dose. In addition, dose impacted acquisition by moderating the disruption in infusion rates after an increase in the response requirement. Thus, the role of a higher dose may not be to accelerate the acquisition process but to lead to behavior that is more resistant to change. Trajectories differed between males and females at the smallest dose, but these differences dissipated by the end of acquisition. Growth curve modeling captures the process of acquisition of drug self-administration and facilitates a greater understanding of the individual differences in change in drug-taking behavior over time. 相似文献
8.
Abstract
Rationale. Phencyclidine (PCP) binds with high affinity to a site located within the ionophore of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Previous studies have demonstrated that PCP and other high-affinity NMDA channel blockers reliably
disrupt prepulse inhibition (PPI) of acoustic startle, an animal model of sensorimotor gating used to study attentional deficits
associated with schizophrenia. Recently, a number of low-affinity NMDA channel blockers that exhibit minimal PCP-like effects
in humans at therapeutic doses have been developed.
Objectives. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects on PPI of NMDA channel blockers with varying affinities for the channel
site as well as different specificities for NMDA receptors.
Methods. Sprague-Dawley rats were presented with multiple stimulus presentation trials, including pulse-alone and PPI trials.
Results. As expected, the high-affinity ligands dizocilpine and dextrorphan disrupted PPI at doses that did not affect the response
during pulse-alone trials. Low-affinity drugs produced a mixed pattern of results. Whereas dextromethorphan and memantine
disrupted PPI, orphenadrine, amantadine, desipramine, and alaproclate did not affect this response. Ibogaine also disrupted
PPI, but only within a dose range that severely decreased the startle response during pulse-alone trials.
Conclusions. These results suggest that not all NMDA channel blockers share PCP's effect of PPI disruption. In addition, they suggest
caution in the use of supratherapeutic doses of these compounds and in their use in vulnerable populations (e.g., schizophrenic
patients).
Electronic Publication 相似文献
9.
10.
Bespalov AY Dravolina OA Zvartau EE Beardsley PM Balster RL 《European journal of pharmacology》2000,390(3):303-311
NMDA receptor antagonists have been reported to affect learned behaviors conditioned with abused drugs, with the outcome dependent, in part, on the class of NMDA receptor antagonist used. The present study tested the ability of various site-selective NMDA receptor antagonists to modify cocaine-conditioned motor activity. Two procedures were used for independently assessing drug effects on spontaneous activity and expression of cocaine-conditioned behavior. In the conditioning experiments, rats were administered i.p. injections of cocaine (30 mg/kg) or saline paired with distinctive environments. Spontaneous horizontal activity was dose-dependently enhanced by dizocilpine (0.03-0.3 mg/kg) and memantine (1-30 mg/kg), but not by D-CPPene (3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)-1-propenyl-1-phosphonic acid; SDZ EAA 494; 1-10 mg/kg), ACEA-1021 (5-nitro-6,7-dichloro-1,4-dihydro-2, 3-quinoxalinedione; 3-56 mg/kg), or eliprodil (3-30 mg/kg). Higher doses of memantine, D-CPPene (1-10 mg/kg), eliprodil (3-30 mg/kg), or ACEA-1021 reduced vertical activity. Following five cocaine-environment pairings, rats displayed significant increases in motor activity when exposed to the cocaine-paired environment. The following antagonists were administered prior to the conditioning test: dizocilpine (MK-801; 0.03-0.1 mg/kg), memantine (1-10 mg/kg), D-CPPene (0.3-3 mg/kg), ACEA-1021 (3-10 mg/kg), and eliprodil (1-10 mg/kg). Of these, memantine, ACEA-1021 and, to the lesser degree, eliprodil attenuated expression of cocaine-conditioned motor activity at doses that did not significantly affect spontaneous motor activity. These results show that cocaine-conditioned behaviors can be selectively modulated by some, but not all, NMDA receptor antagonists. 相似文献