Stationary Rossby-waves in a two-layer model produced by a submarine ridge

Characteristics of stationary Rossby-waves are investigated by use of equations expressing conservation of potential vorticity for a quasi-geostrophic two-layer flow of an incompressible inviscid fluid on a beta-plane. A two-dimensional problem is discussed; the basic flow is directing eastward without horizontal shear, and the stationary Rossby-waves are produced by a two-dimensional bump extending in the north-south direction which is located on a sloping bottom with a constant north-south gradient.When the slope is steep, stream-lines are scarcely displaced being influenced by the bump. When the bottom has no north-south inclination, however, there is a case where group velocity of Rossby-waves produced by the bump directs westward and the stream-lines meander sinusoidally at the west of the bump. This phenomenon is called upstream influence. These two special cases have a possibility to explain two different mean paths for the Kuroshio namely, the path along the continental slope and the path with a stationary meander at the west of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge.     

安宁河断裂带晚第四纪运动特征及模式的讨论

安宁河断裂带是中国西南地区一条重要的地震活动断层, 地方志记载公元1536年曾发生过震级大于7级的破坏性地震. 详细的断裂地貌航片解译和野外调查表明, 安宁河断裂带除具有主要的左旋走滑断层活动外,还兼有重要的逆冲运动分量. 根据冲沟和阶地面的位错量及其热释光测年结果估计,该断裂带晚更新世以来平均左旋走滑速率为3~7 mm/a. 根据滑移方向与断层走向的关系,推测跨安宁河断裂带东西向由于逆冲断层运动造成的挤压缩短速率约为1.7~4.0 mm/a; 简单分解鲜水河断裂带上的滑动速率,估计分配在大凉山断裂带上的滑动速率与安宁河断裂带上的大致相当,约为3~7 mm/a. 此外,根据野外调查结果,并结合最近青藏高原构造动力学研究的新认识, 建立了安宁河断裂带的动力学模型,认为安宁河断裂带是一条逆冲走滑断裂带. 其下盘（西盘）主动向南东方向下插,造成了上盘（东盘）向北西方向的上冲运动.      

Metabolism and chemical composition of pelagic decapod shrimps: synthesis toward a global bathymetric model

Respiration, ammonia excretion and chemical composition data [water content, ash, carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and C:N ratios] of 16–43 pelagic decapods from epipelagic through abyssopelagic zones of the world’s oceans were compiled. For respiration, the independent variables including body dry mass, habitat temperature and sampling depth were all significant predictors of the empirical regression model, whereas the former two variables were significant predictors of the theoretical regression model. For ammonia excretion, body dry mass and habitat temperature were significant predictors of both regression models. Overall, these variables accounted for 68–87 % of the variance in the data. Atomic O:N ratios (respiration:ammonia excretion) ranged from 9.1 to 91 (median 16.4), and no appreciable effects of the three variables were detected. Body composition components were not significantly affected by the three variables, except positive effects of habitat temperature on ash and negative effects of sampling depth on N composition. As judged by C:N ratios, protein was considered to be the major organic component of most pelagic decapods. Some pelagic decapods from >500 m depth exhibited high C:N ratios (8.6–10.2), suggesting a deposition of lipids in the body. Comparison of the present results with global bathymetric models of euphausiids and mysids revealed great similarities among these pelagic crustacean taxa characterized by common behavioral and morphological features such as active swimming, developed compound eyes and respiratory gill organ.     

Experimental study on the phase equilibria in the join CaMgSi2O6-CaCrCrSiO6 with special reference to the blue diopside

The behaviour of tetrahedrally coordinated and octahedrally coordinated Cr³⁺ ions in diopside is discussed from the study on the join CaMg-Si₂O₆-CaCrCrSiO₆. The molecule CaCrCrSiO₆ decomposes into uvarovite+eskolaite and its maximum solubility in diopside is 6.7 wt percent at 940 ° C. Crystalline phases are diopside ss (ss is abbreviation of solid solution), uvarovite ss, wollastonite ss, spinel and eskolaite. The diopside ss is blue in colour. Its optical spectra were measured in the wavelenght range of 325–2600 nm, and assigned after tetrahedral configuration Td and octahedral configuration Oh. It is estimated that octahedral Cr³⁺ ions are in high spin state, while tetrahedral Cr³⁺ ions may be probably in low spin state. The _t and B are 10,300–10,370 cm^–1 and 429–432 cm^–1. The CFSE for tetrahedral low spin Cr³⁺ ions is nearly the same as that for octahedral high spin Cr³⁺ ions. The ionic radii of tetrahedral low spin Cr³⁺ ions calculated are 0.47–0.53 Å, shrinked from the radius of octahedral high spin Cr³⁺ ion (0.615 Å) as much as 14–24 percent. Petrologic implications of the result are also discussed.The first half of the D. Sc. dissertation of K. Ikeda presented to Hokkaido University in June, 1976