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1.
An aim of this research work is to establish an evaluation method concerning a responsiveness of flowmeters for a transient flow rate. To this end, reference flow metering systems for the transient flow are proposed in this paper. Because a behavior of the responsiveness depends on the type of flowmeter, evaluations using different parameters, such as response time to sudden rise and sudden fall in flow rate, response to the frequency and amplitude of flow pulsation, mean characteristic and so on are needed. To achieve a precise evaluation, two reference flow metering methods for transient flow rates are proposed in this paper. One is a high-response weighing method and the other is a velocity profile measurement method using the ultrasonic pulsed Doppler method (UPDM). Since the behaviors of the transient flow rate measured by both methods show good agreement, we conclude them to be useable as a reference flow metering system.  相似文献   
2.
《Ceramics International》2021,47(21):29840-29855
Direct ink writing (DIW) provides a new way to mould ceramic parts. When a single screw extruder is used to extrude SiC slurry, the deposits caused by low viscosity and the agglomerations resulting from the nonuniform mixing, form the obstacles in the channel, which affect the normal flow of the slurry, theoretical outlet velocity, and interaction with other printing parameters. Therefore, it is necessary to study the mechanism responsible for the effects of the obstacles on the flow. The obstacles are always irregular, which makes it difficult to directly analyse them. Irregular geometries are always composed of linear and/or arcuate elements; therefore, the obstacles can be simplified into regular geometries. In the present work, linear elements are analysed first. Then, an improved MRT LBM (multiple relaxation time lattice Boltzmann method) with a pseudo external force is proposed for the flow analysis. The improved MRT LBM is combined with rheological test data to investigate cases with two obstacles, and the results are applied to reveal the general mechanism in cases with multiple obstacles. The results show that the angles, sizes, and positions of the obstacles are three important factors influencing the flow. To obtain a stable and controllable slurry flow, it is recommended that the first angle θ1 be an acute angle. In addition, the number of obstacles should be minimized, and the position of the last obstacle should be far away from the outlet.  相似文献   
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Most of the heat in industrial plants is supplied by steam. To minimize energy waste, measuring the steam flow rates in existing pipes is important. Clamp-on ultrasonic flowmeters are used for this purpose, for which the sensors are attached to the pipe wall. However, flow conditions that can be used are limited because the signal-to-noise ratio of the ultrasonic signal in a steam flow is low. Furthermore, the steam wetness increases with heat losses, which may affect measurement results. Therefore, flow rate measurements in wet steam flows using clamp-on ultrasonic flowmeters have not been fully established. In this study, steam flow rates with various wetness fractions and system pressures were measured using a laboratory-made clamp-on ultrasonic flowmeter. The results show that flow rates in wet steam could be determined within a 10% error under general conditions in a steam piping system, although the conversion factor from line-average to area-average velocities was calibrated in superheated conditions, and the speed of sound in saturated conditions at each pressure was used. However, the error of the flow rates tended to increase with the wetness fraction and was biased toward positive values. The speed of sound and liquid volume fraction were evaluated at different wetness fractions. The flow rate error due to the change in sound speed was less than 1%, and 1.2% of the flow rates were overestimated owing to the liquid volume fraction. The velocity distribution in wet steam was considered different from that in the superheated steam owing to the existence of the liquid phase, and the change in velocity profile may lead to an overestimation of the steam flow rates in the wet steam condition.  相似文献   
5.
粟超  魏磊  吴甦伟 《天然气工业》2019,39(11):81-85
为了提高目前常用的排水采气工艺的适应性,同时降低由排采工艺调整带来的额外的成本开销,利用空心抽油杆对机抽工艺进行了改进,结合应用所研发的空心防气排水采气专用泵,形成了机抽—速度管复合排水采气工艺,并在鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格气田某产水气井进行了现场试验。研究结果表明:①该工艺实现了机抽与速度管柱、气举、泡排等多种排采工艺的自由组合,并且可根据气井产水特点灵活调整适合的排采工艺,提高了工艺的适应性;②采用的游动阀及固定阀均依靠抽油机动力和空心抽油杆重力实现强制启闭,避免了气锁和砂卡引起的机抽失效;③该工艺的选井原则为气井初期产气量较高(大于1×10~4m~3/d)、产水量相对较高(介于3~30 m~3/d),且井口到液面的距离小于2500m;④针对产气量分别为2×10~4m~3/d、1×10~4m~3/d的气井,需采用外径为36 mm、壁厚为6 mm或外径为38 mm、壁厚为6 mm的空心抽油杆进行速度管排水采气,针对产气量为0.6×10~4m~3/d的气井,需采用外径为34 mm、壁厚为5.5 mm的空心抽油杆进行速度管排水采气。结论认为,该工艺可以明显提高产水气井的稳产气量,实现产水气井的连续、稳定生产,应用效果好。  相似文献   
6.
This communication presents the approaches set up for processing spinner flowmeter well logs in vertical wells with a single fluid phase, which is the most widely used in assessing wells productivity. These focus on improving the pipe hydraulics relationships so that the different fluid inputs throughout the well can be quantified. Since vertical flow inside wells varies with depth between laminar flows (very low Reynolds number, i.e. Re < 103) and turbulent (Re > 4·103) the aim has been to reduce the uncertainty in the transition interval. Starting from bibliographical data and/or well-known formulas for laminar and for turbulent flow, several continuous relationships have been developed for any regime: 1) an expression for the radial distribution of velocity inside the pipeline (velocity profile) was developed. 2) A relationship between the average velocity and the velocity at the axis (velocity factor) was created. 3) A third equation was generated to obtain the friction factor in smooth pipes (and starting from this, a new explicit equation for rough pipes). The purpose has been to have a set of empirical expressions of easy and continuous application for any regime, as an alternative to the use of computer simulations.  相似文献   
7.
建立了渐开线直齿轮传动模型,通过对于中、重载两种不同的载荷进行50余组热弹流润滑数值计算,分析了润滑油黏度与齿面卷吸速度的乘积对齿轮传动接触疲劳寿命的影响。研究结果表明:在齿面卷吸速度固定的情况下,改变润滑油黏度,二次压力峰在中载和重载的工况下都是单调增大的;其X的位置也都单调减小,即向入口区方向移动;次表面剪应力最大值在中载时先减小,再增大,而重载时却单调减小;次表面剪应力最大值的X的位置中载时向出口方向移动,Z位置逐渐向轮齿的表层移动;当重载时X方向是逐渐向出口区移动的,在Z方向是恒定在轮齿固体内部的。  相似文献   
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9.
The purpose of this paper is to determine the effect of the air torque position (ATP) damper hysteresis on the accuracy of air velocity measurements and the adequacy of the ATP damper mathematical model tested in the present study. A total of three dampers with non-cascading blades were examined: a damper with a single flat blade, a damper with two opposed flat blades, and a damper with two flat blades - one of which is a measuring blade and the other is fixed in the horizontal direction. Furthermore, a total of two damper installation locations in a duct system were examined as well: at the duct exit with a straight duct section preceding the damper and within the duct itself with straight duct sections both preceding and following the damper. The ATP damper hysteresis was found to exert a significant effect on the accuracy of air velocity measurements and the adequacy of the ATP damper mathematical model tested if the ATP damper is more open, i.e. with lower blade angles of attack. Moreover, the ATP damper installed at the duct exit was found to be more susceptible to hysteresis effects than the damper located within the duct.  相似文献   
10.
针对国内某选矿厂铜浮选工艺泡沫速率不稳定,精矿品位波动大,回收率不理想等特点,设计了一套浮选专家控制系统,该系统结合泡沫影像分析技术,在线品位分析技术,PID控制与模糊逻辑控制技术。系统架构简明合理,逻辑层次清晰有效,投入运行一段时间后,在不同原矿品位前提下,都能实现稳定泡沫速率,减少精矿品位波动,提高回收率等指标优化,同时药剂添加量也有明显减少。这表明该系统运行效果良好,值得应用推广。  相似文献   
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