基于SIFT特征点结合ICP的点云配准方法

在点云配准过程中,针对迭代最近点(ICP)算法对点云初始位置依赖性强且迭代速度慢的问题,提出一种基于尺度不变特征变换(SIFT)特征点结合ICP的点云配准方法。首先利用SIFT算法提取待配准点云和目标点云的特征点;接着计算出特征点的快速点特征直方图(FPFH)特征;然后依据该特征使用采样一致性初始配准(SAC-IA)算法求出初始变换矩阵,从而完成初始配准;最后在初始配准的基础上利用ICP算法对两片点云进行精配准。实验表明,与ICP算法相比,该方法具有较好的配准精度,同时效率也有明显的提升。     

A 3D Measurement Method Based on Coded Image

The binocular stereo vision system is often used to reconstruct 3D point clouds of an object. However, it is challenging to find effective matching points in two object images with similar color or less texture. This will lead to mismatching by using the stereo matching algorithm to calculate the disparity map. In this context, the object can’t be reconstructed precisely. As a countermeasure, this study proposes to combine the Gray code fringe projection with the binocular camera as well as to generate denser point clouds by projecting an active light source to increase the texture of the object, which greatly reduces the reconstruction error caused by the lack of texture. Due to the limitation of the camera viewing angle, a one-perspective binocular camera can only reconstruct the 2.5D model of an object. To obtain the 3D model of an object, point clouds obtained from multiple-view images are processed by coarse registration using the coarse SAC-IA algorithm and fine registration using the ICP algorithm, which is followed by voxel filtering fusion of the point cloud. To improve the reconstruction quality, a polarizer is mounted in front of the cameras to filter out the redundant reflected light. Eventually, the 3D model and the dimension of a vase are obtained after calibration.     

基于相对几何不变性的点云粗配准算法研究

针对目前点云在大数据量下的自动配准算法计算效率低下,粗配准初值匹配稳定性差,参数难以设置等问题,提出一种基于匹配对间相对几何不变性特点的快速粗配准算法。通过点云邻域特征值筛选一定量的关键点,利用快速点特征直方图（fast point feature histogram,FPFH）描述子初步获取最邻近匹配对;通过点云特征的对称候选寻点策略及两组正确匹配对在源点云与目标点云对应边的2-范数比例不变的特性获取精确的匹配对;利用奇异值分解算法（singular value decomposition,SVD）求解配准目标函数。实验表明,算法策略合理可靠,参数设置相对简易,具有显著的效率及稳定性优势,能够为后续精配准提供稳定精确的初始参数。