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1.
In a typical embedded CPU, large on-chip storage is critical to meet high performance requirements. However, the fast increasing size of the on-chip storage based on traditional SRAM cells makes the area cost and energy consumption unsustainable for future embedded applications. Replacing SRAM with DRAM on the CPU’s chip is generally considered not worthwhile because DRAM is not compatible with the common CMOS logic and requires additional processing steps beyond what is required for CMOS. However a special DRAM technology, Gain-Cell embedded-DRAM (GC-eDRAM) [1], [2], [3] is logic compatible and retains some of the good properties of DRAM (small and low power). In this paper we evaluate the performance of a novel hybrid cache memory where the data array, generally populated with SRAM cells, is replaced with GC-eDRAM cells while the tag array continues to use SRAM cells. Our evaluation of this cache demonstrates that, compared to the conventional SRAM-based designs, our novel architecture exhibits comparable performance with less energy consumption and smaller silicon area, enabling the sustainable on-chip storage scaling for future embedded CPUs. 相似文献
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This paper proposes a simple yet accurate method for estimating the antenna correlation coefficient (ACC) of a high-order multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna. The conventional method employed to obtain the ACC from three-dimensional radiation patterns is costly and difficult to measure. An alternate method is to use the S-parameters, which can be easily measured using a network analyzer. However, this method assumes that the antennas are highly efficient, and it is therefore not suitable for lossy MIMO antenna arrays. To overcome this limitation, we define and utilize the non-coupled radiation efficiency in the S-parameter-based ACC formula. The accuracy of the proposed method is verified by the simulation results of a 4-port highly coupled lossy MIMO array. Further, the proposed method can be applied to N-port arrays by expanding the calculation matrix. 相似文献
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This article presents a digital architecture design for a Super-Twisting Observer (STO) implemented in a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The STO is robust in the presence of uncertainties, which makes it suitable to estimate unknown inputs present in biological systems and applications based on sensorless control accurately. The proposed STO is used to estimate the glucose concentration in the inflow of a hydrogen production bioreactor (e.g., dark fermenter). The dark fermenter is not generally recognized as a swift process. Therefore, the observer digital architecture design criteria aim to optimize hardware resources and reduce power consumption through an iterative approach to perform internal arithmetic operations efficiently. Besides, an analysis of the errors produced by internal operations, observer discretization, and fixed-point data representation is presented and discussed. Numerical results showed that embedding the super-twisting observer into the FPGA is a reliable, low-power consumption, and efficient alternative to estimate the input glucose in a dark fermenter. 相似文献
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Nowadays Deep Learning is applied in almost every research field and helps getting amazing results in a great number of challenging tasks. The main problem is that this kind of learning and consequently Neural Networks that can be defined deep, are resource intensive. They need specialized hardware to perform computation in a reasonable time. Many tasks are mandatory to be as much real-time as possible . It is needed to optimize many components such as code, algorithms, numeric accuracy and hardware, to make them “efficient and usable”. All these optimizations can help us to produce incredibly accurate and fast learning models. The paper reports a study in this direction for the challenging face detection and emotion recognition tasks. 相似文献
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野外或海上安装的风电系统如发生火灾将造成严重的损失,急需装备自动消防控制系统。面向风电机舱的消防安全,研制基于AVR单片机嵌入式技术的用于火灾感应和检测以及远程监控的消防控制系统。采用了温度、烟度以及图像等信息感应火灾情况,通过电启动超细干粉灭火装置进行自动灭火。最后利用RS485总线和光纤网络将单片机检测仪和远程控制器连接起来,构成完善的风力发电场消防报警和控制系统。初步试验结果表明该系统达到了设计目标,可用于风电系统的消防安全控制。 相似文献
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为了提高回转体零件的加工和检测精度,将光电检测技术与电子计算机技术相结合,设计并研制了一种基于嵌入式系统的激光扫描检测系统,给出了设计原理和软硬件设计方法,并利用该系统对轴径不同的六组标准工件进行测量.实验表明,该系统的平均测量误差为0.00283mm,满足设计指标要求的3μm,能够极大提高回转体零件的尺寸测量精度,具有较好的应用价值. 相似文献
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