An asymmetrically substituted dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]pyrrole organic small-molecule hole-transporting material for high-performance perovskite solar cells

Hole-transporting materials play a vital role in terms of the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]pyrrole (DTP), an S,N-heterocyclic building block, has been proved to be desirable for molecular design of hole-transporting materials in PSCs. We developed an asymmetrically substituted DTP small-molecule (JW12) and a reference compound (JW11). The asymmetrical structure of JW12 leads to different absorption properties and electron distribution. The device in a planar n-i-p architecture using JW12 shows a much higher PCE (18.07%) than that based on JW11 (15.46%), which is also better than the device based on spiro-OMeTAD (17.47%). We hope our research can provide a new perspective in molecular design of organic HTMs for perovskite solar cells.     

Improving the performance of DTP2 bilateral teleoperation control system with haptic augmentation

The remote maintenance of the ITER divertor is largely dependent on the usage of haptically teleoperated manipulators and man-in-the-loop operations. These maintenance operations are very demanding for the manipulator operators, yet vital for the success of the whole ITER experiment. Haptic shared control of the maintenance manipulators offers a promising solution for assisting the teleoperators in the maintenance tasks. A shared control system assists the operator by generating artificial guiding force effects and overlaying them on top of the haptic feedback from the teleoperation environment.An experimental haptic shared control system, called the Computer Assisted Teleoperation (CAT) has been developed at the Divertor Test Platform 2 (DTP2). In this paper, we investigate the design of the system and how the system integrates with the ITER compliant DTP2 prototype Remote Handling Control System (RHCS). We also experimentally assess the effect of the guidance to the operator performance in an ITER-relevant maintenance scenario using the Water Hydraulic MANipulator (WHMAN), which is specially designed for the divertor maintenance. The result of the experiment gives suggestive indication that the CAT system improves the performance of the operators of the system.     

Using a data-centric event-driven architecture approach in the integration of real-time systems at DTP2

Integration of heterogeneous and distributed systems is a challenging task, because they might be running on different platforms and written with different implementation languages by multiple organizations. Data-centricity and event-driven architecture (EDA) are concepts that help to implement versatile and well-scaling distributed systems.This paper focuses on the implementation of inter-subsystem communication in a prototype distributed remote handling control system developed at Divertor Test Platform 2 (DTP2). The control system consists of a variety of heterogeneous subsystems, including a client–server web application and hard real-time controllers. A standardized middleware solution (Data Distribution Services (DDS)) that supports a data-centric EDA approach is used to integrate the system.One of the greatest challenges in integrating a system with a data-centric EDA approach is in defining the global data space model. The selected middleware is currently only used for non-deterministic communication. For future application, we evaluated the performance of point-to-point communication with and without the presence of additional network load to ensure applicability to real-time systems. We found that, under certain limitations, the middleware can be used for soft real-time communication. Hard real-time use will require more validation with a more suitable environment.     

吸附无细胞百白破-重组乙型肝炎(CHO细胞)联合疫苗的中试工艺

目的探讨吸附无细胞百白破-重组乙型肝炎(CHO细胞)联合疫苗(DTaP-HBV)的中试工艺。方法通过不同的配比条件,探索DTaP-HBV联合疫苗的最佳中试工艺。以此工艺制备3批DTaP-HBV,进行各项指标的检定及稳定性试验。结果配方以无细胞百日咳疫苗原液18μgPN/ml,精制白喉类毒素25Lf/ml,精制破伤风类毒素7Lf/ml,重组乙肝疫苗原液20μg/ml为宜;DTaP-HBV的稀释液选用0.85%NaCl溶液吸附效果较好,各抗原间无干扰作用;不同配合方式对四联疫苗的效力影响不大。3批DTaP-HBV的各项检定指标均符合《中国药典》三部(2005版)要求,且稳定性良好。结论已筛选出DTaP-HBV联合疫苗的最佳中试工艺,以此工艺制备的疫苗安全、稳定、有效。     

基于DTP模型的消息中间件的设计与实现

中间件是分布式应用的一个研究热点,而消息中间件是建立中间件的核心技术.本文论述了一个基于X/OPEN DTP模型的消息中间件的设计与实现,并介绍了其体系结构及若干特点.     

测温法研究甲缩醛合成反应动力学

提出了测定快速简单反应动力学规律的测温法.并应用于甲缩醛合成反应的动力学研究。在间歇搅拌釜式反应器中.测定了不同虚拟转化率下反应混合物的泡点温度并绘制成标准曲线;在排除内外扩散影响的条件下.测定了不同反应时间的反应混合物泡点温度,根据标准曲线得到了转化率与反应时间的关系.由反应机理推导出反应动力学模型.并对模型参数进行了估计。     

基于问题结构的启发式策略在析取时态问题求解中的应用

智能规划和调度中的许多时态(或时序)问题可以表达为析取时态问题(DTP).目前,多数析取时态问题求解器将析取时态问题看作约束可满足问题(CSP)或可满足问题(SAT),并使用标准的CSP(或SAT)技术来求解DTP.虽然这些技术在求解DTP时已经可以达到较好的效率,然而,文献中极少研究者关注利用DTP本身特殊的结构中隐含的信息来帮助DTP求解.尝试从DTP的拓扑结构中提取出一种启发式策略.这种启发式策略试图从DTP的结构中提取出定性和定量的标准(TVS)来选择优先赋给当前变量的值,同时基于这种定量值选择标准设计了一个动态变量选择策略(TVO).这种技术基于定义的一种DTP的图模型--析取时态网络(DTN).实验结果显示TVS和TVO策略均可以有效减小搜索中节点访问次数;同时它与已有的RSV值选择策略效果相当,而TVO优于最少剩余值(MRV)方法(节省一个数量级以上的访问节点数);此外,配合其他CSP启发技术,可以得到一个高效的DTP求解算法DTN-DTP.     

无细胞百白破疫苗加强免疫一年后的血清抗体水平

用无细胞百白破疫苗（DTPa）和全细胞百白破疫苗（DTPw）分别进行基础免疫，再用DTPa或DTPw加强免疫，一年后对免疫儿童进行了血清抗体检测。结果各类抗体均较加强免疫后一个月明显下降，3个组中抗—FHA虽有所下降，但均在保护水平以上（＞20EU／ml），抗—PT抗体只有DTPa组大于20EU／ml。3个组中的大多数儿童的百日咳凝集抗体均＜1：320，而抗白喉类毒素（抗—DT）、抗破伤风类毒素（抗—TT）抗体均在保护水平以上。     

Separation of Transplutonium and Rare-Earth Elements by Extraction with Di-isodecyl Phosphoric Acid from DTPA Solution

The distribution ratio Df and the separation factor β for Nd(III) to Am(III) were studied in DIDPA-DTPA systems to determine optimum conditions for applying DIDPA to the TALSPEAK type extraction process to separate transplutonides from lanthanoids in the partitioning of high-level waste of nuclear fuel reprocessing.

Extraction of lanthanoids from 0.05–0.1 M DTPA-1 M lactic acid (pH 3.0) aqueous solution into 0.2–0.3 M DIDPA in DIPB gives the separation factor of 20 revealing practicability of this system in the partitioning. The nature of diluent affects greatly Df, and DIPB proved to be the most appropriate one for the separation of transplutonides from lanthanoids. The presence of lactic acid in the aqueous phase improved the extraction kinetics in DIDPA-DTPA system.     

Desktop publishing in education

Abstract The term 'desktop publishing' has received much media coverage in recent months in both the commercial and educational press. School-based 'desktop publishing' packages are at the moment poor imitations of full-specification systems. This paper discusses the state of desktop publishing in education today and demonstrates the weaknesses of the systems available for use in the classroom. The skills required for desktop publishing are interrelated in a complex way and cannot be presented in a hierarchical fashion. A model of the functional processes involved is suggested in the paper and analysed in terms of the skills required.