针织结构生化防护材料的研究现状及发展前景

介绍各类生化防护服的防护透湿机理和防护性能的差异,以及选择性渗透膜材料的分类及性能评价方法。根据选择性透气式防护服的性能要求,分析针织结构生化防护材料的发展可行性。指出针织复合结构选择性渗透防护服的发展方向,包括基于针织结构与纳米纤维的选择性渗透防护服、基于针织结构与酶的选择性渗透防护服、基于针织结构的选择性渗透防护服。该研究可为新型复合结构生化防护服的研发提供一定的参考。     

Long-term field survey on thermal adaptation in office buildings in Japan

A long-term field survey was conducted with six buildings in order to investigate how the occupants adapt to the indoor climate in office buildings in Japan. More than 5000 questionnaires and corresponding indoor temperatures were collected. Clothing adjustment was observed to be related to outdoor temperature and indoor temperature, as well as dress codes. No considerable differences were found on the thermal perceptions between two groups of buildings, which provided different levels of opportunity for controlling indoor climate. With both groups, the preferred SET* was always close to 26 °C. The comfort temperature was estimated from the results of clothing adjustment and the preferred SET*. The gradient of the comfort temperature to outdoor temperature was found to be between the adaptive model for centralized HVAC and for natural ventilation. It could be caused by that the major part of the occupants in the present study had more opportunity to control their thermal conditions than in the centralized HVAC buildings (i.e. operable windows, controllable HVAC or personal fans).     

Data-efficient learning of robotic clothing assistance using Bayesian Gaussian process latent variable model

ABSTRACT

Motor-skill learning for complex robotic tasks is a challenging problem due to the high task variability. Robotic clothing assistance is one such challenging problem that can greatly improve the quality-of-life for the elderly and disabled. In this study, we propose a data-efficient representation to encode task-specific motor-skills of the robot using Bayesian nonparametric latent variable models. The effectivity of the proposed motor-skill representation is demonstrated in two ways: (1) through a real-time controller that can be used as a tool for learning from demonstration to impart novel skills to the robot and (2) by demonstrating that policy search reinforcement learning in such a task-specific latent space outperforms learning in the high-dimensional joint configuration space of the robot. We implement our proposed framework in a practical setting with a dual-arm robot performing clothing assistance tasks.     

Why do thin stockings keep legs so warm?

Abstract

The insulation conferred by a thin stocking is trivial compared with other insulation normally present between skin and environment. It is suggested that stockings keep legs warm by reducing the sudden cooling which occurs when cold clothing comes in contact with the limb, to which the cold receptors in the skin are particularly sensitive. If this explanation is correct, wearing stockings will probably increase body heat loss.     

Configuring retroreflective markings to enhance the night-time conspicuity of road workers

This study investigated whether the night-time conspicuity of road workers can be enhanced by positioning retroreflective strips on the moveable joints in patterns that convey varying degrees of biological motion. Participants were 24 visually normal adults (12 young M = 26.8 years; 12 older M = 72.9 years). Visual acuity, contrast sensitivity and glare sensitivity were recorded for each participant. Experimenters acting as road workers walked in place on a closed road circuit within simulated road work sites, facing either the oncoming driver or the roadway (presenting sideways to the driver) and wearing one of four clothing conditions: (i) standard road worker vest; (ii) standard vest plus thigh-mounted retroreflective strips; (iii) standard vest plus retroreflective strips on ankles and knees; (iv) standard vest plus retroreflective strips positioned on the extremities in a configuration that conveyed biological motion (“biomotion”). As they drove along the closed road participants were instructed to press a button to indicate when they first recognized that a road worker was present. The results demonstrated that regardless of the direction of walking, road workers wearing biomotion clothing were recognized at significantly (p < 0.05) longer distances (3×), relative to the standard vest alone. Response distances were significantly shorter for the older drivers. Contrast sensitivity was a better predictor of the ability to recognize road workers than was visual acuity or glare sensitivity. We conclude that adding retroreflective strips in the biomotion configuration can significantly improve road worker conspicuity regardless of the road worker's orientation and the age of the driver.     

Investigation on wicking behavior of the knitted fabrics under different deformation state

Many researches have been carried out to analyze the wicking behavior of the knitted fabric based on different principles. In this study, an investigation on wicking behavior of knitted fabrics under different deformation condition is attempted. An instrument has been designed and developed to measure the wicking rate of the fabric based on the principle of image processing technique under dynamic states with respect to time by simulating different movements. This instrument has been aimed to quantify the rate of wicking under different deformations in required time intervals and also the pattern of wicking area on both sides of fabric simultaneously. The statistical result shows that wicking in fabric under dynamic condition has been increased significantly on the knitted fabrics than the static condition. The comparative study of wicking trend at the front and back has been carried out and shows that the area of wicking is higher in front than back side of the fabric at any given period of time. The result shows that wicking in fabric under dynamic condition has been increased significantly on all the knitted fabric. The developed novel instrument could be utilized to carry out the study of the wicking behavior of any kind of fabrics matching to the real situation with higher accuracy and precision.     

The effects of a moisture-wicking fabric shirt on the physiological and perceptual responses during acute exercise in the heat

This study investigated the effects that a form fitted, moisture-wicking fabric shirt, promoted to have improved evaporative and ventilation properties, has on the physiological and perceptual responses during exercise in the heat. Ten healthy male participants completed two heat stress tests consisting of 45 min of exercise (50% VO_2peak) in a hot environment (33 °C, 60% RH). One heat stress test was conducted with the participant wearing a 100% cotton short sleeved t-shirt and the other heat stress test was conducted with the participant wearing a short sleeved synthetic shirt (81% polyester and 19% elastane). Rectal temperature was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the synthetic condition during the last 15 min of exercise. Furthermore, the synthetic polyester shirt retained less sweat (P < 0.05). As exercise duration increases, the ventilation and evaporation properties of the synthetic garment may prove beneficial in the preservation of body temperature during exercise in the heat.     

论中国少数民族服饰中龙纹的象征性——原始的自然神性

我国少数民族服饰纹样作为一种特定的历史文化载体,与汉民族相对应,保持着与之不同的原始自然神性,表现出崇尚生命自由的情感原则,具有强烈的人民性和民族精神,反映了中国少数民族的生活理想和审美趣味。这种深刻的内涵和美好的寓意为历代子孙所传承,是少数民族服饰艺术造型中具有重要美学价值的部分。     

论宋代审美思想中的简素

在中国美学史上,宋代不同于前朝,创造了自己独特的审美思想和理念。本文对宋代的家具、绘画、服装三个方面进行研究,分析总结宋代简洁质朴、平淡素雅的审美特点,以及简素美这一审美思想对后代艺术设计的发展,包括对中国明代家具设计和日本设计在内等所产生的深远影响。     

降低清梳联棉结与短绒的探讨

探讨降低清梳联棉结与短绒的途径.分析了原棉性能及清梳联工艺与生条棉结、短绒率的关系,通过正确选配原料,以控制棉结短绒增长率为目的对开清点组合、各级打手速度、梳棉机速度、隔距、定量及针布选型等进行工艺优化配置,确定了较为合理的工艺参数,结果使清梳联生产线生条棉结和短绒率明显下降,达到了较好的水平,促进了产品质量的提高.