Flash Lamps as Ignition and Initiation Sources of the VS-2 Pyrotechnic Composition

In the present work it is found that the pyrotechnic composition VS-2 can be initiated with flash lamps IFC-500 and EVIS. VS-2 pyrotechnic composition contains 90% of mercury（Ⅱ） 5-hydrazinotetrazolate perchlorate and 10% of optically transparent copolymer of 2-methyl-5-vinyltetrazole and methacrylic acid （PVMT）. We have found that the flash lamps make it possible to initiate combustion of VS-2 composition with its transition to detonation both in cylindrical charges placed in brass caps of 5 mm diameter and 2 mm high， and film charges with 10 mm×80 mm in size and surface weights of 60 mg·cm^-2 and 90 mg·cm^-2， showing ignition delay times 10 μs and 3 μs， respectively. We also measured detonation velocities for VS-2 composition film charges， which were 4375-4505 m·s^-1 （of the charge being surface mass 60 mg·cm^-2） and 4221-4281 m·s^-1 （of the charge being surface mass 90 mg·cm^-2） and their blasting action on the aluminum plate. The depths of the normal shock wave imprints at the charge-barrier interface were 0.6-0.7 mm （for surface mass of the film charges 60 mg·cm^-2） and 1.2-1.3 mm （for surface mass of the film charges 90 mg·cm^-2）.     

Advantages and disadvantages of nuclear reactions used in reactors or cyclotrons,in addition to a theoretical study based on photodisintegration on natural indium for 111Ag production

Production routes were recorded on available reactions for ¹¹¹Ag production from nuclear reactors or cyclotrons using a natural palladium target based on ¹¹⁰Pd（n, γ） and ¹¹⁰pd（d, n） reactions, respectively.^natCd（γ,x） based on ¹¹⁰Cd（γ, p） has also been studied as a prospective reaction for the production of ¹¹¹Ag. Unfortunately, these nuclear reactions are difficult to utilize because, in some cases, they reduce the specific activi...     

Fe3O4-carbon spheres core–shell supported palladium nanoparticles: A robust and recyclable catalyst for suzuki coupling reaction

Suzuki-Miyaura (S-M) is regarded the most powerful way for synthesis biaryls, triaryls, or incorporating of substituted aryl moieties in organic preparation by the cross-coupling of aryl boronic acid with aryl halides using the Pd catalyst. This work reports the combining of the hydrothermal and microwave-assisted protocol to convert the glucose to magnetic carbon spheres (Fe₃O₄-CSPs) decorated with Pd nanoparticles (NPs) as the catalyst for Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions. The physicochemical properties in the produced composite were examined using FESEM, HRTEM, nitrogen isotherms, Raman spectroscopy, FTIR, XPS, and XRD. The as-fabricated composite Pd/Fe₃O₄-CSPs is mostly spherical with a core–shell structure and possesses a great surface area of 253.2 m²·g^-1. Its catalytic performance demonstrates that the composite has excellent stability and high tolerance Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions in 30 min at 80 ℃. Both activated and deactivated aryl halides provided excellent yield. The as-fabricated catalyst was recycled for up to four catalytic cycles without a substantial decline in performance. Moreover, this research offers a facile roadmap for synthesizing Pd/Fe₃O₄-CSPs composites and promoting the practical implementation of Pd/Fe₃O₄-CSPs catalysts for organic transformation processes.     

Revealing the relationships between alloy structure,composition and plastic deformation in a ternary alloy system by a combinatorial approach

A high-throughput approach based on magnetron co-sputtering of alloy libraries is employed to inves-tigate mechanical properties of crystalline and amorphous alloys in a ternary palladium(Pd)-tungsten(W)-silicon(Si)system with the aim to reveal the difference in plastic deformation response and extract the relevant structure-property relationships of the alloys in the system.It was found that in contrast to crystalline alloys,the amorphous ones,i.e.,metallic glasses,exhibited a much smaller fluctuation range in the plasticity parameters(Er2/H and Wp/Wt),indicating a significant difference in the plastic deformation mechanism controlling the mechanical properties for the respective alloys.We propose that the inho-mogeneous deformation of amorphous alloys localized in thin shear bands is responsible for the weaker compositional dependence of both plasticity parameters,while dislocation gliding in crystalline materials is significantly more dependent on the exact structure,thus resulting in a larger scattering range.Based on the representative efficient cluster packing model,a set of composition-dependent atomic structural models is proposed to figure out the structure-property relationships of amorphous alloys in Pd-W-Si alloy system.     

超高压水力割缝技术在低渗透特厚煤层中的应用

为增大煤层透气性系数，提高煤层瓦斯抽采效果，通过超高压水力割缝技术，增大煤体暴露面积，给煤层内部卸压、瓦斯释放和流动创造了良好的条件，缝槽上下的煤体在一定范围内得到较充分的卸压，增大了煤层的透气性。结果表明:水力割缝钻孔组瓦斯抽采浓度、纯流量、百米瓦斯抽采纯流量及瓦斯抽采率是对比钻孔的2~4倍，远远大于对比钻孔组，割缝钻孔瓦斯抽采效果显著。研究为其他类似矿井提供借鉴。     

多伦多“波浪形”综合体

正近期,丹麦3XN建筑事务所赢得了多伦多东部湖湾区的(East Bayfront)一个新水滨综合体的建筑竞赛,该项目已通过第二期设计审查阶段,预计将于2018年底动工,并于2022年完工。建筑立面的设计灵感来自安大略湖的海浪,一层又一层的"波浪"是向外延伸的阳台,远远望去就像是绵延起伏的波浪。设计团队旨在创造一个迷人的城市海滨综合体,也将城市建筑融入周围环境之中。建筑综合体以两座"山峰"的形式逐渐向中央"山谷"降低,形成独特的建筑景观,并通过错位的布局,让每个单元的住户能获得最大的观景视野。"山谷"部分涵盖了共享设施,其中包括了社区空间、辽阔的户外露台以及游泳池。除了公寓以外,综合体内还设置了各种餐厅、咖啡厅以及商业空间。     

针织物的3D打印

3D打印属于叠加式制造方式,可创造出多种三维模型。3D打印的缺点之一是制造大型物体时耗时较长。因此,目前最先进的技术仅限于制造小型物体。3D打印与其他材料相结合有助于克服由印刷时间所造成的缺点。如使用传统技术制造的大型物体的特定位置,可由3D打印完成,以创建所需的功能。此前,将聚合物3D打印在机织物上的试验研究结果表明:印刷材料和机织物结构的不同,导致二者之间的黏附力差异较大。该结果也适用于针织物的3D打印。试验所用材料均为聚乳酸(PLA),因其与机织物的黏合力最强。熔融沉积成型(FDM)打印项目,研究了针织织物种类、材料、结构、织机机号等变化,对喷嘴的尺寸、打印高度、印刷床温度等的影响,并对结果进行了总结。同时,对针织物3D打印过程中必需进行的测试进行了展望。     

宁夏红寺堡盆地隐伏古隆起成因机制及其对区域沙漠化的影响

目前对于青藏高原东北缘活动构造研究多集中于活动断裂带的活动性,而对夹持于其间的沉积盆地构造格架及活动性研究甚少。以夹持于烟筒山断裂与牛首山—罗山断裂之间的宁夏红寺堡盆地为研究对象,采用重力资料重处理解译、音频大地电磁测深(AMT)和地震勘探相结合,揭示红寺堡盆地隐伏构造特征,并进一步采用盆山一体化思路分析隐伏构造的成因机制及其对区域沙漠化的控制作用。结果表明:青藏高原在中新世末发生强烈的NE向推挤、扩展和隆升,红寺堡盆地由坳陷盆地转变为挠曲盆地; 在青藏高原NE向扩展的影响下,烟筒山断裂发生强烈的逆冲作用,古生代—中生代基底逆冲于古近系—新近系之上,受构造变形影响的最新地层为中新统彰恩堡组; 红寺堡盆地内的隐伏古隆起呈NW—SE向,与烟筒山构造带具有相同的构造动力学背景,受青藏高原NE向扩展影响形成于中新世末,并且至今仍具有活动性; 隐伏古隆起周缘断裂的活动破坏了地表稳定性、蓄水能力和地表植被,导致区域沙漠化呈现有规律的NW—SE向带状展布。该研究成果对于宁夏红寺堡盆地区域稳定性评价及沙漠化的综合治理具有现实指导意义。     

Protection and control of microgrids usingdynamic state estimation

High penetration of Converter Interfaced Generations (CIGs) presents challenges in both microgrid (μGrid) circuit and other system with CIG resources, such as wind farms and PV plants. Specifically, protection challenges are mainly brought by the insufficient separation between fault and load currents, especially for μGrids in islanded operation, and the short connection length in μGrids. In addition, CIG resources exhibit limited inertia and weak coupling to any rotating machinery, which can result in large transients during disturbances. To address the above challenges, this paper proposes a Dynamic State Estimation (DSE) based algorithm for protection and control of systems with substantial CIG resources such as a μGrid. It requires a high-fidelity dynamic model and time domain (sampled value) measurements. For μGrid circuit protection, the algorithm dependably and securely detects internal faults by checking the consistency between the circuit model and available measurements. For CIG control, the algorithm estimates the frequency at other parts of a μGrid using CIG local information only and then utilizes it to provide supplementary feedback control. Simulation results prove that DSE based protection algorithm detects internal faults faster, ignores external faults and has improved sensitivity towards high impedance faults when compared to conventional protection methods. DSE based CIG control scheme also minimizes output oscillation and transient during system disturbances.