Microstructure and mechanical behavior of laser aided additive manufactured low carbon interstitial Fe49.5Mn30Co10Cr10C0.5 multicomponent alloy

Laser aided additive manufacturing(LAAM)was used to fabricate bulk Fe49.5Mn30Co10Cr10C0.5 interstitial multicomponent alloy using pre-alloyed powder.The room temperature yield strength(σy),ultimate tensile strength(σUTS)and elongation(εUST)were 645 MPa,917 MPa and 27.0％respectively.The as-built sample consisted of equiaxed and dendritic cellular structures formed by elemental segregation.These cellular structures together with oxide particle inclusions were deemed to strengthen the material.The other contributing components include dislocation strengthening,friction stress and grain bound-ary strengthening.The high εUTS was attributed to dislocation motion and activation of both twinning and transformation-induced plasticity(TWIP and TRIP).Tensile tests performed at-40℃and-130℃demonstrated superior tensile strength of 1041 MPa and 1267 MPa respectively.However,almost no twinning was observed in the fractured sample tested at-40℃and-130℃.Instead,higher fraction of strain-induced hexagonal close-packed(HCP)ε phase transformation of 21.2％were observed for fractured sample tested at-40℃,compared with 6.3％in fractured room temperature sample.     

Revealing the relationships between alloy structure,composition and plastic deformation in a ternary alloy system by a combinatorial approach

A high-throughput approach based on magnetron co-sputtering of alloy libraries is employed to inves-tigate mechanical properties of crystalline and amorphous alloys in a ternary palladium(Pd)-tungsten(W)-silicon(Si)system with the aim to reveal the difference in plastic deformation response and extract the relevant structure-property relationships of the alloys in the system.It was found that in contrast to crystalline alloys,the amorphous ones,i.e.,metallic glasses,exhibited a much smaller fluctuation range in the plasticity parameters(Er2/H and Wp/Wt),indicating a significant difference in the plastic deformation mechanism controlling the mechanical properties for the respective alloys.We propose that the inho-mogeneous deformation of amorphous alloys localized in thin shear bands is responsible for the weaker compositional dependence of both plasticity parameters,while dislocation gliding in crystalline materials is significantly more dependent on the exact structure,thus resulting in a larger scattering range.Based on the representative efficient cluster packing model,a set of composition-dependent atomic structural models is proposed to figure out the structure-property relationships of amorphous alloys in Pd-W-Si alloy system.     

大型水电工程前期准备延期的影响类型分析

讨论了成本考虑不足与水电工程项目施工前准备阶段延期的负面影响,以及发展中国家不能及时有效地交付项目与稀有资源浪费间的冲突。建议项目员工、开发商、政府官员和国际金融机构重视延期成本,找到成本与效益的平衡点。     

针织物的3D打印

3D打印属于叠加式制造方式,可创造出多种三维模型。3D打印的缺点之一是制造大型物体时耗时较长。因此,目前最先进的技术仅限于制造小型物体。3D打印与其他材料相结合有助于克服由印刷时间所造成的缺点。如使用传统技术制造的大型物体的特定位置,可由3D打印完成,以创建所需的功能。此前,将聚合物3D打印在机织物上的试验研究结果表明:印刷材料和机织物结构的不同,导致二者之间的黏附力差异较大。该结果也适用于针织物的3D打印。试验所用材料均为聚乳酸(PLA),因其与机织物的黏合力最强。熔融沉积成型(FDM)打印项目,研究了针织织物种类、材料、结构、织机机号等变化,对喷嘴的尺寸、打印高度、印刷床温度等的影响,并对结果进行了总结。同时,对针织物3D打印过程中必需进行的测试进行了展望。     

ZrCuAlNi系大块金属玻璃的非晶形成能力、热学和力学性能（英文）

分析ZrCuAlNi系大块金属玻璃的非晶形成能力、热学和力学性能。运用密实堆积和动态脆性指数模型从理论上确定合金的成分。采用铜模吸铸法在氩气保护下制备圆柱形和圆锥形铸锭。用X射线衍射表征圆锥形铸锭以便确定非晶结构。结果表明:两种合金的临界非晶直径为3 mm。用差示扫描量热法(DSC)分析其热行为,加热速率分别为0.5、0.67和0.83 K/s。γ参数、过冷液相区ΔT_x和约化玻璃转变温度T_(rg)等这些实验所得的参数均表明其具有高的非晶形成能力。非晶成分显示其脆性指数为40。合金的压缩试验采用的应变速率为0.016 s~(-1),得到弹性模量约为83 GPa,总应变约为5%,屈服强度为1.6 GPa,硬度为4 GPa。运用密实堆积和动态脆性指数模拟可以预测ZrCuAlNi系合金的非晶形成成分。     

由刨花金属短纤维制备技术用金属纱线

目前,德国纺织机械和高性能材料技术研究所(ITM)正对刨花金属短纤维纺制纱线的工艺过程进行广泛的调查研究。为顺利纺纱,必须考虑这类纤维的高耐磨性、高脆性和高刚性等特性,以及它们较高的塑性变形和粘滑运动倾向。基于传统成纱工艺,开发出以刨花金属短纤维为原料,经拉伸断裂、牵伸和纺纱过程制备纯金属纱线的纺纱工艺链。基于目前的研究,由刨花金属短纤维制备纯金属纱线的可行性已得以证实。所得金属纤维在高性能、低成本技术应用方面具有较高的潜力。     

脂肪醇醚硫酸酯钠盐/α-烯烃磺酸钠二元阴离子液体餐洗剂的配方改进及性能评价

本文以脂肪醇醚硫酸酯钠盐(SLES)和α-烯烃磺酸钠(AOS)两种阴离子表面活性剂所组成的二元餐洗剂配方为基础,通过引入两性离子[椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱(CAB)]、非离子表面活性剂[椰油二乙醇酰胺(DEA)、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(C_(12)–C_(15)–7EO,C_(10)–7EO和 C_9–C_(11)–7EO)、月桂基氧化胺(AO))对其进行配方改进。对比研究了6个餐洗剂配方(SLES/AOS、SLES/AOS/CAB/AO、SLES/AOS/DEA/AO,SLES/AOS/C_(12)-C_(15)-7EO/AO,SLES/AOS/C_(10)7EO/AO 和SLES/AOS/C_9–C_(11)–7EO/AO)的表面张力、临界胶束浓度(CMC)、清洗能力、发泡性、生物降解性和刺激性,以及温度的影响(17.0,23.0和42.0℃)。结果发现:相对于起始的二元配方,各种非离子表面活性剂的引入可以降低cmc和表面张力,提高餐洗剂配方的清洗能力和发泡性能,而对生物降解性和刺激性影响较小;相对于其他配方,配方6(SLES/AOS/C_9–C_(11)–7EO/AO)展现了最小的cmc和表面张力值,以及最佳的清洗效果;无论低温清洗(17℃)还是正常清洗(42℃),阴离子-非离子表面活性剂的餐洗剂配方(SLES/AOS/ethoxylated alcohols/AO)均具有明显的协同效应,展现出更好的应用性能。     

A boronic acid-based fluorescent hydrogel for monosaccharide detection

A boronic acid-based anthracene fluorescent probe was functionalised with an acrylamide unit to incorporate into a hydrogel system for monosaccharide detection. In solution, the fluorescent probe displayed a strong fluorescence turn-on response upon exposure to fructose, and an expected trend in apparent binding constants, as judged by a fluorescence response where D-fructose>D-galactose>D-mannose>D-glucose. The hydrogel incorporating the boronic acid monomer demonstrated the ability to detect monosaccharides by fluorescence with the same overall trend as the monomer in solution with the addition of D-fructose resulting in a 10-fold enhancement (≤0.25 mol/L).     

聚酯细旦纤维对单面平针针织物结构的影响

对分别采用细旦聚酯纤维和常规线密度聚酯纤维编织的针织物进行相关研究,测试了针织物的物理性能、力学性能及舒适性,探讨了采用细旦纤维提高服装的舒适性。将通过环锭纺纺制的细旦纤维与常规纤维编织成完全相同的单面平针针织物,结果显示,细旦纤维针织物表现出很好的悬垂性。与常规纤维制成的针织物相比,细旦纤维针织物的尺寸更稳定,因为它的线圈变形小,且具有更大的针密度和被覆系数。细旦纤维针织物的芯吸性和吸水性等湿气传输性能也优于常规线密度聚酯纤维织物。     

可控中子孔隙度测井仪器设计

源距与屏蔽体厚度是直接影响可控中子孔隙度测井仪器测量准确性的重要参数。源距不仅影响测井仪器的测量误差，还影响测井仪器对地层孔隙度的灵敏度。屏蔽体厚度是保障测井响应完全反映地层的重要参数。从灵敏度、屏蔽率以及误差3个方面确定可控中子孔隙度测井仪器的源距与屏蔽体厚度。研究结果表明:近探测器源距越小，测井仪器灵敏度越高；近远探测器的间距对测量误差的影响随间距的增大，先减小再增大；当屏蔽率在70%以上且屏蔽率随厚度的变化较为缓慢时的屏蔽体厚度可作为屏蔽体最低厚度。