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1.
钱雨  孙新波 《管理评论》2021,33(11):67-83
数字经济浪潮下,面对跨界颠覆者与技术融合的趋势,传统企业数字化转型迫在眉睫,尽管数字技术为企业开发和调整商业模式实现数字化转型提供机遇,但相关研究却对数字化转型的本质与数字情境中商业模式架构系统的变化缺乏深入关注.研究采用多案例研究,对案例企业的5种与数字化相关的商业模式进行分析,总结提炼出4种不同的数字商业模式类型,进而将数字商业模式解构为数字价值主张、数字价值创造与数字价值获取的架构系统,并详细阐释了数字商业模式的设计原理,最终围绕商业模式的双重属性识别出数字商业模式的创新来源.  相似文献   
2.
Cross-border R&D can contribute to the enhancement of independent innovation capabilities of emerging markets multinational enterprises (EMNEs) by benefiting from knowledge management. However, scant research exists examining the location impact of cross-border R&D for EMNEs on performance implications. This paper fills this important theoretical gap by building upon the literature of genetic distance in connection with knowledge management. We use a panel data of Chinese high-tech listed companies to empirically examine the impact of genetic distance on the performance of cross-border R&D and the role played by international experience. Our results reveal a positive relationship between genetic distance and the performance of cross-border R&D. Importantly, we highlight the motivation for cross-border R&D of EMNEs to acquire technical knowledge magnifies the positive effects of genetic distance and performance. Furthermore, our analysis indicates that international experience significantly enhanced the positive effect of genetic distance on cross-border R&D performance. We conclude this paper by discussing theoretical contributions to genetic distance, international management and knowledge management, as well as practical implications for cross-border R&D of EMNEs.  相似文献   
3.
Over the last decade we have witnessed an unprecedented growth in the number of cross-border R&D investments towards large emerging countries such as China and India. However, small middle-income countries have played a marginal role as recipients of R&D-related FDI despite increasing policy efforts. In particular, several Latin American countries have recently launched new policy programs with the aim of attracting this kind of investments, but it remains uncertain whether public incentives can be useful to compensate for other locational disadvantages. The case of Chile provides an interesting empirical setting to explore these issues because during the last decade its government has been actively promoting R&D-related FDI through a new policy mix. This article suggests that for national innovation systems to benefit from the attraction of internationally-mobile R&D it is critical for public policies to ensure that appropriate linkages are established with local actors that hold absorptive capacities. Equally important for a small emerging economy like Chile is to prioritize R&D-related FDI in strategic technology niches where the country can realistically attain critical mass.  相似文献   
4.
为了削弱传统零售商在渠道博弈中的垄断地位,制造商尝试建立在线渠道与零售商展开竞争。本文在考虑消费者低碳偏好的基础上,又将消费者的渠道偏好进行区分,通过不同决策模式的对比及数值算例分析,寻求低碳供应链最优的减排边界。研究表明:1分散决策时,制造商的低碳决策会受消费者渠道偏好的影响;集中决策时,制造商的低碳决策保持不变。2不同决策模式的减排边界由渠道偏好决定,渠道偏好较大时,分散决策的减排边界更高;渠道偏好较低时,集中决策的减排边界更高;渠道偏好中立时,两者的减排边界相同。3制造商可以通过升级低碳技术、实行低碳化管理等方式降低减排成本,同时通过低碳产品认证、广告宣传等方式提高消费者对低碳产品的认可程度。  相似文献   
5.
对含有抽象属性的多属性层次结构而言,层次分析法即AHP(包括DIS-AHP、ABS-AHP、IDE-AHP和SUP-AHP四种具体方法)会因比率比较基准缺失、权重内涵模糊不清或方案评价不保序而缺乏科学理性。为发展AHP,基于摆幅置权(SW)判断模式和多属性决策属性价值公度方法,首先给出了能为层次结构抽象属性上的SW判断提供支持的规约性多属性决策属性价值公度方法,然后由此并结合多属性价值理论给出了能够克服现有层次分析法内在缺陷的目标导向层次分析方法即ToAHP。相对于AHP,ToAHP在判断模式与权重内涵、方法建构的理论基础和相关假设检验、方案评价保序与其内在数理依据上具有明显的相对科学合理性。应用分析表明:在输入信息可比的条件下,ToAHP明显优于AHP的四种分析方法之中最具可信性的SUP-AHP方法。  相似文献   
6.
Emergency material allocation is an important part of postdisaster emergency logistics that is significant for improving rescue effectiveness and reducing disaster losses. However, the traditional single‐period allocation model often causes local surpluses or shortages and high cost, and prevents the system from achieving an equitable or optimal multiperiod allocation. To achieve equitable allocation of emergency materials in the case of serious shortages relative to the demand by victims, this article introduces a multiperiod model for allocation of emergency materials to multiple affected locations (using an exponential utility function to reflect the disutility loss due to material shortfalls), and illustrates the relationship between equity of allocations and the cost of emergency response. Finally, numerical examples are presented to demonstrate both the feasibility and the usefulness of the proposed model for achieving multiperiod equitable allocation of emergency material among multiple disaster locations. The results indicate that the introduction of a nonlinear utility function to reflect the disutility of large shortfalls can make the material allocation fairer, and minimize large losses due to shortfalls. We found that achieving equity has a significant but not unreasonable impact on emergency costs. We also illustrate that using differing utility functions for different types of materials adds an important dimension of flexibility.  相似文献   
7.
本文构建了一个供应商参与、专用性投资与制造商新产品开发绩效的理论模型。以往的实证研究大多将专用性投资视作供应商参与的解释变量,本文认为专用性投资是供应商同制造商合作过程中逐步累积形成的互补性资产,提出供应商参与对专用性投资有正向影响的研究假设。实证研究结果发现,供应商能力、制造商对供应商的信任对供应商参与有显著正向影响,制造商对供应商的控制能力、供应商参与对专用性投资有显著正向影响,供应商参与、专用性投资对制造商的新产品开发绩效有显著正向影响。  相似文献   
8.
In this article, an agent‐based framework to quantify the seismic resilience of an electric power supply system (EPSS) and the community it serves is presented. Within the framework, the loss and restoration of the EPSS power generation and delivery capacity and of the power demand from the served community are used to assess the electric power deficit during the damage absorption and recovery processes. Damage to the components of the EPSS and of the community‐built environment is evaluated using the seismic fragility functions. The restoration of the community electric power demand is evaluated using the seismic recovery functions. However, the postearthquake EPSS recovery process is modeled using an agent‐based model with two agents, the EPSS Operator and the Community Administrator. The resilience of the EPSS–community system is quantified using direct, EPSS‐related, societal, and community‐related indicators. Parametric studies are carried out to quantify the influence of different seismic hazard scenarios, agent characteristics, and power dispatch strategies on the EPSS–community seismic resilience. The use of the agent‐based modeling framework enabled a rational formulation of the postearthquake recovery phase and highlighted the interaction between the EPSS and the community in the recovery process not quantified in resilience models developed to date. Furthermore, it shows that the resilience of different community sectors can be enhanced by different power dispatch strategies. The proposed agent‐based EPSS–community system resilience quantification framework can be used to develop better community and infrastructure system risk governance policies.  相似文献   
9.
胡祥培  孙丽君  王征 《管理科学》2015,28(2):137-144
物联网的飞速发展给生产调度系统带来了前所未有的机遇和挑战,数据的多源异构和连续涌入性、信息的透明性以及人、物料、设备、生产过程、产品等众多对象呈现出的连续动态存在性,这些新特征导致传统的调度优化方法难以适用。在已有研究的基础上,总结了物联网、调度优化方法以及基于情景的建模方法的研究现状和存在的问题,分析基于物联网的在线智能调度涉及到的问题及其特征,并提出其中的关键科学问题是基于情景的在线建模方法;提出该问题未来的研究目标为:针对物联网环境下调度对象状态的动态连续变化性,提供一种在线实时的智能优化调度方法,以最终实现调度优化过程的连续性以及调度优化决策的科学性、有效性和实用性;并详细阐述了未来关于基于情景的建模方法、基于情景的模型实时求解方法和基于情景的在线调度决策支持方法三方面的研究内容,为后续的深入研究做前期的思考和探索。  相似文献   
10.
Cooperative games provide an appropriate framework for fair and stable profit distribution in multiagent systems. In this paper, we study the algorithmic issues on path cooperative games that arise from the situations where some commodity flows through a network. In these games, a coalition of edges or vertices is successful if they establish a path from the source to the sink in the network, and lose otherwise. Based on dual theory of linear programming and the relationship with flow games, we provide the characterizations on the core, CS-core, least-core and nucleolus of path cooperative games, which implies all of these solution concepts are polynomial-time solvable for path cooperative games.  相似文献   
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