How leader role identity influences the process of leader emergence: A social network analysis

Contemporary theories on leadership development emphasize the importance of having a leader identity in building leadership skills and functioning effectively as leaders. We build on this approach by unpacking the role leader identity plays in the leader emergence process. Taking the perspective that leadership is a dynamic social process between group members, we propose a social network-based process model whereby leader role identity predicts network centrality (i.e., betweenness and indegree), which then contributes to leader emergence. We test our model using a sample of 88 cadets participating in a leadership development training course. In support of our model, cadets who possess a stronger leader role identity at the beginning of the course were more likely to emerge as leaders. However this relationship was only mediated by one form of network centrality, indegree centrality, reflecting one's ability to build relationships within one's group. Implications for research and practice are discussed.     

自我建构对消费者促销方式偏好的影响

  形式多样的促销手段成为企业在激烈市场竞争中赢得胜利的重要方式。已有研究涉及的促销方式直接受益实体都是消费者自身，随着消费者社会责任意识的提高，直接受益实体为慈善机构的捐赠促销活动不断出现，然而很少有学者对不同受益实体的促销方式的效果进行比较。         基于信息框架理论和调节定向理论，以打折促销和捐赠促销为研究对象，运用分类变量中介检验和3阶交互效应方法，通过Spss软件中的Process插件进行Bootstrap中介效应分析，解释调节定向在不同自我建构消费者对两种促销方式偏好关系中的中介作用机制，并引入感知风险和感知稀缺两个变量，探究其在自我建构对消费者促销方式偏好影响中的调节作用。         研究结果表明，调节定向在自我建构与促销方式选择的关系中起中介作用，即拥有独立自我建构的消费者认为促进定向信息说服力更强，从而偏好打折促销方式；拥有依存自我建构的消费者认为防御定向信息说服力更强，从而偏好捐赠促销方式。当感知风险较高时，防御定向信息强化依存自我建构的消费者对捐赠促销方式的偏好；当感知风险较低时，促进定向信息强化独立自我建构的消费者对打折促销方式的偏好。当感知稀缺较高时，防御定向信息强化独立自我建构的消费者对打折促销方式的偏好；当感知稀缺较低时，促进定向信息强化依存自我建构的消费者对捐赠促销方式的偏好。         在理论上拓展了信息框架效应的相关研究，揭示了自我建构与调节定向作用关系的适用边界。通过检验不同自我建构消费者对调节定向相匹配的促销信息评价机制，证明促销活动中的匹配机制可使促销效果更佳。在实践上，为企业在不同消费情景下面对不同特点消费者制定相应的促销活动提供了策略指导，从而提升企业的销售利润。     

融合区块链的新型供应链模式研究

供应链数据真实性和参与方的机会主义行为是供应链协调面临的重要挑战,难以利用传统技术手段解决。随着区块链的发展,融合区块链成为供应链升级改造新的突破口。文章提出区块供应链概念,利用去中心化思想以及智能合约等方案,提出区块供应链三层模型,并以工程机械行业为例,研究其相对传统供应链的竞争力。区块链供应链以实现数据高公开,合约强执行,合作更深化的新模式,实现供应链的协调,是未来新型工业化发展的方向之一。     

A cyclical view of the relationship between corporate governance and strategic management

The vast majority of research on the relationship between corporate governance and strategic management focuses on the impact of corporate governance on strategic management. In this article we propose a cyclical model, highlighting that strategic decisions can also affect corporate governance through shaping firm ownership structure. We discuss the impacts of strategic decisions on firm ownership structure and corporate governance in the contexts of publicly traded firms, private firms, and the privatization of state-owned enterprises. We hope that our cyclical model can promote researchers to develop a more complete view about the relationships between strategic management, ownership structure, and corporate governance.     

薪酬参照体的效应研究:基于多表征的路径模型与相对重要性

参照体选择在分配公平、薪酬满意研究中扮演重要角色,而以往研究多是关注焦点对象与参照体在薪酬上的数量差异。本文认为,参照体"数量差异"并不能完整表征参照体的效应,为此提出了"信息知晓度"、"判断关联性"、"比较频率"、"数量差异"等四类表征,在理论基础上构造路径模型与研究假设。实证研究表明,信息知晓度、判断关联性正向影响特定参照体的比较频率;数量差异正向影响分配公平、薪酬水平满意,比较频率负向影响分配公平、薪酬水平满意。通过三种研究路径的比较研究证实,自我生活成本等七类参照体相对重要。未来亟需就参照体选择的相关机制在纵贯上、在不同的组织情境下及考虑个体差异等方面予以深入考察。     

Dynamic Forecasting Conditional Probability of Bombing Attacks Based on Time‐Series and Intervention Analysis

In recent years, various types of terrorist attacks occurred, causing worldwide catastrophes. According to the Global Terrorism Database (GTD), among all attack tactics, bombing attacks happened most frequently, followed by armed assaults. In this article, a model for analyzing and forecasting the conditional probability of bombing attacks (CPBAs) based on time‐series methods is developed. In addition, intervention analysis is used to analyze the sudden increase in the time‐series process. The results show that the CPBA increased dramatically at the end of 2011. During that time, the CPBA increased by 16.0% in a two‐month period to reach the peak value, but still stays 9.0% greater than the predicted level after the temporary effect gradually decays. By contrast, no significant fluctuation can be found in the conditional probability process of armed assault. It can be inferred that some social unrest, such as America's troop withdrawal from Afghanistan and Iraq, could have led to the increase of the CPBA in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Pakistan. The integrated time‐series and intervention model is used to forecast the monthly CPBA in 2014 and through 2064. The average relative error compared with the real data in 2014 is 3.5%. The model is also applied to the total number of attacks recorded by the GTD between 2004 and 2014.     

A Novel Human Error Probability Assessment Using Fuzzy Modeling

Human error is one of the significant factors contributing to accidents. Traditional human error probability (HEP) studies based on fuzzy number concepts are one of the contributions addressing such a problem. It is particularly useful under circumstances where the lack of data exists. However, the degree of the discriminability of such studies may be questioned when applied under circumstances where experts have adequate information and specific values can be determined in the abscissa of the membership function of linguistic terms, that is, the fuzzy data of each scenario considered are close to each other. In this article, a novel HEP assessment aimed at solving such a difficulty is proposed. Under the framework, the fuzzy data are equipped with linguistic terms and membership values. By establishing a rule base for data combination, followed by the defuzzification and HEP transformation processes, the HEP results can be acquired. The methodology is first examined using a test case consisting of three different scenarios of which the fuzzy data are close to each other. The results generated are compared with the outcomes produced from the traditional fuzzy HEP studies using the same test case. It is concluded that the methodology proposed in this study has a higher degree of the discriminability and is capable of providing more reasonable results. Furthermore, in situations where the lack of data exists, the proposed approach is also capable of providing the range of the HEP results based on different risk viewpoints arbitrarily established as illustrated using a real‐world example.     

Intelligent scheduling model and algorithm for manufacturing

This paper puts forward an intelligent scheduling model based on Hopfield neural network and a unified algorithm for manufacturing. The energy computation function and its dynamic state equation are derived and discussed in detail about their coefficients (parameters) and steps (Delta t) in iteration towards convergence. The unified model is focused on the structure of the above function and equation, in which the goal and penalty items must be involved and meet different schedule models. The applications to different schedule mode including jobshop static scheduling, scheduling with due-date constraint or priority constraint, dynamic scheduling, and JIT (just in time) scheduling are discussed, and a series of examples with Gantt charts are illustrated.     

基于关键信息的非常规突发事件预警模型研究

本文以"基于关键信息的非常规突发事件预警模型研究"为题,以关键信息为出发点,考虑到非常规突发事件发展演化路径的非线性、信息的不完整性、无规律性以及指标设计难以量化等特点,通过文献的梳理与实际调研,设计出科学的预警指标体系,并综合运用基于DEMATEL的多层次模糊综合评价法与态势分析法,提出针对突发事件的定性定量的综合型预警模型,对非常规突发事件进行预警具有一定的指导意义。