欧盟开放科学实践体系分析及启示

[目的/意义] 开放科学是由一系列的战略规划和措施组成的实践体系。考察欧盟开放科学实施情况,为我国开放科学运动的开展提供切实可行的参考。[方法/过程] 通过网络调研法和内容分析法,从战略规划、实施路径两方面调研和分析欧盟开放科学实践体系。[结果/结论] 欧盟开放科学实践体系体现了开放科学的整体观,具有高度集成性及灵活性,并在不断地优化和完善。我国应将开放科学计划上升到国家层面,以战略规划和政策为指导,通过建设统一的数字基础设施,开展开放科学技能培训,建立下一代科学计量体系和协同工作机制,确保开放科学实践体系的完整性和协调性。     

科学知识图谱：别样视角扫描《编辑学报》

科学知识图谱是科学计量学研究领域新的研究方法,为期刊研究提供了重要手段。下载中文社会科学引文索引（CSSCI）收录《编辑学报》1998-2009共12年的题录数据,区别于传统期刊文献计量方法,从作者同被引、关键词共现、机构合作、作者合著、期刊共被引、文献共被引等方面绘制科学知识图谱,快速扫描图谱蕴含的信息,揭示期刊的载文及其学术影响特征。     

从文献计量学、科学计量学到科学技术计量学--关于科学技术计量学的概念及其研究内容

文献计量学分支学科体系的成功建立为科学计量学的发展提供了坚实的基础。不过从目前国内外的科学计量学研究趋势来看，其研究较多是集中在科学领域，关于技术领域的计量学研究比较单薄。为此，文章试论述科学技术计量学的概念及其研究的内容等若干问题。     

Iranians’ contribution to world literature on neuroscience

Objective: The purpose of this study is to analyse Iranian scientific publications in the neuroscience subfields by librarians and neuroscientists, using Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) via Web of Science data over the period, 2002–2008. Methods: Data were retrieved from the SCIE. Data were collected from the ‘subject area’ of the database and classified by neuroscience experts into 14 subfields. To identify the citation patterns, we applied the ‘impact factor’ and the ‘number of publication’. Data were also analysed using HISTCITE, Excel 2007 and SPSS. Results: Seven hundred and thirty‐four papers have been published by Iranian between 2002 and 2008. Findings showed a growing trend of neuroscience papers in the last 3 years with most papers (264) classified in the neuropharmacology subfield. There were fewer papers in neurohistory, psychopharmacology and artificial intelligence. International contributions of authors were mostly in the neurology subfield, and ‘Collaboration Coefficient’ for the neuroscience subfields in Iran was 0.686 which is acceptable. Most international collaboration between Iranians and developed countries was from USA. Eighty‐seven percent of the published papers were in journals with the impact factor between 0 and 4; 25% of papers were published by the researchers affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Conclusion: Progress of neuroscience in Iran is mostly seen in the neuropharmacology and the neurology subfields. Other subfields should also be considered as a research priority by health policymakers. As this study was carried out by the collaboration of librarians and neuroscientists, it has been proved valuable for both librarians and policymakers. This study may be encouraging for librarians from other developing countries.     

科学计量学与信息计量学的发展:中国大陆与台湾地区比较研究

选择期刊Scientometrics、Journal of Informetrics 2003-2012年期间发表的论文和国际科学计量学与信息计量学大会(ISSI大会)论文集论文为样本,对中国大陆和台湾地区科学计量学与信息计量学的发展进行比较研究。研究从4个方面展开:论文计量分析、引文计量分析、合作研究以及研究内容考察。研究结果表明,中国大陆和台湾地区已经成为国际上科学计量学与信息计量学论文产出大户,但是中国大陆地区论文年篇均引文略低于世界平均水平,AR指数低于台湾地区;两地区学者已经产出合著论文,但合作局限于少数学者和少数机构之间;两地区的研究对象和研究方法有共性又各有特色,中国大陆地区学者更重视科学计量,台湾地区学者更重视技术测度。最后提出促进两地区科学计量学与信息计量学发展需要深入讨论的几个问题。     

普赖斯奖得主的科学合作网络研究

以WoS收录的25位普赖斯奖得主论文数据为依据,运用社会网络分析法研究该获奖群体间的科学合作网络。结果表明:各获奖者合作活跃程度不一,网络中形成若干核心节点;合作网络主要由4个作者聚集群体组成,并确定普赖斯奖得主合作网络中的部分中国学者;合作网络越大、合著越多的获奖者通常有较高的学术论文产出;增强科学合作对提升部分学术影响力指标有积极影响。     

知识图谱的概念辨析与学科定位研究

[目的/意义]知识图谱通过对期刊论文、专利报告等抽象信息的可视化分析来揭示学科领域的发展进程及其结构关系,自2005年至今在国内的研究与应用方兴未艾。但目前相关研究中还存在着概念不清、学科定位模糊的问题,急需梳理和澄清。[方法/过程]通过文献调研、概念比对的方法,界定知识图谱的概念范畴,澄清它与知识地图之间的关系,并明确知识图谱的学科定位。[结果/结论]知识图谱与知识地图之间存在着交叉,但并不完全等同,它是一种信息可视化方法,主要用于科学计量学中对科学知识结构特征的揭示,这一结论为进一步深入研究知识图谱提供了参考。     

Altmetrics国内外研究中的问题与挑战

[目的/意义]试图了解当前Altmetrics研究中的主要问题与亟待应对的挑战。[方法/过程]采用文献回顾的方法,对国内外Altmetrics研究进行系统的梳理和分析。[结果/结论]提出Altmetrics的理论研究需要面对定义模糊、研究方法和对象的独特性不足、理论基础缺乏、行为层面的理解较少等4个方面的问题,而应用研究需要面对指标覆盖率低、有偏、易为操纵和异质等4个方面的问题。作为科学计量学中最热门的新兴研究领域,当前Altmetrics研究中的诸多问题与挑战并不会贬损其价值,而是为我们提供了开展深入研究的空间。     

What is the effect of country-specific characteristics on the research performance of scientific institutions? Using multi-level statistical models to rank and map universities and research-focused institutions worldwide

Bornmann, Stefaner, de Moya Anegón, and Mutz (2014) have introduced a web application (www.excellencemapping.net) which is linked to both academic ranking lists published hitherto (e.g. the Academic Ranking of World Universities) as well as spatial visualization approaches. The web application visualizes institutional performance within specific subject areas as ranking lists and on custom tile-based maps. The new, substantially enhanced version of the web application and the generalized linear mixed model for binomial data on which it is based are described in this paper. Scopus data are used which have been collected for the SCImago Institutions Ranking. Only those universities and research-focused institutions are considered that have published at least 500 articles, reviews and conference papers in the period 2006–2010 in a certain Scopus subject area. In the enhanced version, the effect of single covariates (such as the per capita GDP of a country in which an institution is located) on two performance metrics (best paper rate and best journal rate) is examined and visualized. A covariate-adjusted ranking and mapping of the institutions is produced in which the single covariates are held constant. The results on the performance of institutions can then be interpreted as if the institutions all had the same value (reference point) for the covariate in question. For example, those institutions can be identified worldwide showing a very good performance despite a bad financial situation in the corresponding country.     

我国图书情报学科在国际上的研究主题特征分析

[目的/意义]对我国图书情报学在国际权威期刊上发表的文章主题特点进行研究。[方法/过程]对文献关键词进行整体分析,根据发文量的变化情况分为三个阶段,梳理出总体研究热点。进一步对三个阶段中发文数量最多、上涨速度最快的阶段进行细粒度划分,基于关键词共现方法分析研究主题的时序变化情况。[结果/结论]我国学者在国际上的研究主题集中、多样化程度低,近十年来科学计量学、社会网络主题发展迅速,知识组织和管理主题的研究热度长久不衰。