Structural Analysis for Replicating Japanese Cultural Property Braids

ABSTRACT

Historic Japanese textiles from over 1000 years ago generally show marked deterioration and only very rare examples show their original forms and much information about textile reproduction has been lost. The replication of textile braids lacks systematic methodology and is still being practiced by only few individual braiding experts. The recreation of original braids as close as possible to original braids is a part of Japan’s intangible cultural heritage. The aim of this study is to clarify the decision-making procedure through which the braiding experts can decipher the original braiding structures. As a preliminary study of this project, interviews of a braid researcher and a replicating expert, Makiko Tada were performed regarding her working practices. It is important to clarify the braiding parameters for structural analysis such as the number of transits and the balance of ridges, and it became clear that the orientation of multiple colored threads plays an important role. The expert’s replicate works were also analyzed using a text-mining statistical technique to clarify the relationship of braiding parameters. The relationship between each braiding parameter and production method such as loop manipulation and Taka-dai became clear. As a result, the process of deciphering the original braid structure has been compiled in simplified workflows, which could contribute to the standardization and improvement in efficiency of replication of cultural property braids.     

数据管理与数据治理的比较分析及其对制定科学数据开放共享政策的启示

[目的/意义] 比较分析数据管理与数据治理差异与联系，为制定科学数据开放共享政策提供参考。[方法/过程] 运用比较分析法，解析数据管理与数据治理在定义与内涵、功能、目标、原则、焦点领域5个方面的异同，由此解析其对制定我国科学数据开放共享政策的启示。[结果/结论] 数据管理与数据治理在定义与内涵、功能、目标、原则、焦点领域上都有显著差异，但两者也有内在联系。数据治理是成功实施数据管理的关键。认清两者的关系有助于明晰目前我国科学数据管理政策的不足之处，为今后完善科学数据管理办法提供参考，从而规划与制定实用的科学数据开放共享细则。     

政务B站号信息传播效果影响因素与实证研究

[目的/意义] 作为政府与青年群体沟通的重要平台，政务Bilibili账号的信息传播效果直接决定其沟通效率和效果。对政务Bilibili账号信息传播效果影响因素的研究有利于沟通效果的提升。[方法/过程] 本研究基于共青团中央Bilibili账号的471个样本，采用内容分析和回归分析等系统考察内容主题、视频类别、封面图类型、屏幕形式、字幕、组织形式、剪辑率和视频时长等因素对政务Bilibili账号信息传播效果的影响。[结果/结论] 结果表明，科技类、音乐类和时尚类主题的视频能够提升整体传播效果，科技类视频的贡献度最高；情景剧、实拍视频和监控视频都正向显著影响整体传播效果，实拍视频的贡献度最高。视频剪辑率、竖屏视频、字幕添加、合作创作等均能显著提高整体传播效果，竖屏在整体传播效果模型中的贡献度最大。视频时长和封面图的作用不显著。政务Bilibili账号运营应充分释放青年的爱国势能、创新视频形式、优化视频制作流程、创新组织形式。     

专题情报数据管理与智能分析平台的构建

[目的/意义] 面对多学科领域、多类型用户的专题情报服务需求，建立专题情报数据管理与智能分析平台。实现专题情报分析的流程化和智能化，同时对融入专家智慧的专题情报分析过程数据进行管理，丰富服务模式，提升服务需求响应速度。[方法/过程] 在调研已有相关研究与实践分析基础上，提出平台设计思路、建设框架，对平台主要功能和关键技术进行剖析。[结果/结论] 专题情报数据管理与智能分析平台已建设完成。平台集成了多来源多类型数据，打通了从数据到分析的服务链条。嵌入了多种情报分析方法和深度学习算法，实现了多维多层次分析服务。能够对分析过程和情报分析人员历史积累数据进行管理，实现数据共享和重复利用。     

Can a non-Muslim Mass Shooter be a “Terrorist”?: A Comparative Content Analysis of the Las Vegas and Orlando Shootings

ABSTRACT

This study used the 2017 Las Vegas and 2016 Orlando mass shootings as case studies to explore alleged double standards in reporting of events featuring Muslim and non-Muslim mass perpetrators of violence. The study used framing theory and content analysis to examine Los Angeles Times and New York Times coverage of the shootings during the one week immediately following each event. Findings are consistent with previous literature and the researchers’ expectations. The Orlando shooting, carried out by a Muslim, was allotted more coverage despite the fact that it produced nine fewer fatalities than the Las Vegas shooting, perpetrated by a white non-Muslim. The analysis also showed that the examined newspapers were more likely to employ a “terrorism” frame in their coverage of the Orlando shooting than in their coverage of the Las Vegas shooting; link the Orlando mass shooting with the global war on terrorism; and to humanize Stephen Paddock, the white perpetrator of the Las Vegas shooting. Framing differences found in this study may contribute to downplaying the threat of white male gun violence, and to reinforcing fears of Islam and Muslims.     

基于用户兴趣度量的知识发现服务精准推荐

[目的/意义]针对当前知识发现服务中存在的个性化程度不高和推荐效果不佳等问题，提出一种基于用户兴趣度量和内容分析的推荐算法。[方法/过程]文章通过特征词分布、LDA主题分布、引文结构网络三个维度构建学术资源模型，并通过对用户行为的度量，计算用户对其浏览学术资源的兴趣度，结合学术资源模型构建用户兴趣模型。将用户兴趣模型与学术资源模型匹配，计算其相似度，得到用户对每条学术资源的兴趣值，最后将兴趣值最高的TOP-N学术资源推荐给用户。[结果/结论]通过实验检验算法的有效性和推荐准确率，结果显示，本文从实时动态度量兴趣的角度，提出的推荐算法能较好地预测用户兴趣，推荐效果显著，为实现发现服务精准推荐提供思路。     

科技人力资本视角下杰青科学家资助年龄对资助效果的影响——以杰青基金地球科学项目为例

[目的/意义] 杰青基金实施25年来，资助者年龄呈大龄化趋势发展，深入分析该现象对完成杰青基金的影响，对未来杰青基金管理具有重要意义。[方法/过程] 研究以1994-2018年杰青基金地球科学项目为研究对象，构建科研论文产出效率、创新能力和学术影响力三个评价指标，提出"科技人力资本投入-科研产出"理论模型及假设，采用DID模型克服样本选择性偏误所导致的内生性问题，验证理论假设，实现对杰青基金资助年龄异质性的研究。[结果/结论] 实证结果表明：杰青科学家大龄化趋势日趋严重，存在明显的45岁现象；杰青基金实施20年中，支持"资助年龄越大，资助效应越好"假设的比例较低；三个评价指标维度，资助效应最大且资助年龄在39-42岁之间的年份在杰青基金实施20年中所占比例最大。因此，无论从杰青基金设立宗旨、还是从评估结果来看，都应该避免杰青科学家大龄化趋势，扩大对中低龄优秀青年人才的资助。     

科学数据共享研究现状与展望

[目的/意义] 分析科学数据共享的研究现状及其发展趋势，为促进国内相关理论研究与实践进展提供参考。[方法/过程] 通过对国内外文献进行梳理和归纳，提炼出与科学数据共享研究相关的三大类主题：科学数据共享发展需求、科学数据管理共享模式与机制和科学数据服务共享度与服务效果，并构建科学数据共享管理分析框架，该框架体现上述三类主题之间的因果关联，强调科学数据共享管理与服务的合理面、重要度、关键性。[结果/结论] 国内外现有研究尚存不足，未来研究在加强实证研究、着眼管理机制完善的同时，还需注重共享服务模式的创新。     

图书情报学领域学科交叉及其国家差异的动态分析

[目的/意义]领域知识的跨学科交叉研究能够打破学科间的壁垒,有助于发现重大科学问题的解决方案。[研究设计/方法]基于图书情报学领域文献题录信息构建轻量级领域知识图谱,从中提取学科信息、国家信息、时间信息及其关联,采用时间与空间相结合的多维度分析方法,对学科交叉的演化进程以及国家差异进行跟踪与分析。[结论/发现]图书情报学领域内学科交叉现象日渐显著,各国家的学科交叉程度与倾向存在差异,一些目前尚不突出的交叉学科方向值得关注。[创新/价值]采用多维度视角分析学科交叉现象,相关结论可以为国家科技战略制定及学科发展规划提供有益参考。     

Assessing library topics using sentiment analysis in R: a discussion and code sample

Abstract

This article discusses the use of R programing language for executing a sentiment analysis of tweets pertaining to library topics. This discussion is situated within the literature of marketing and management sciences, which is employing methods of machine learning and business intelligence to make informed decision-making, and library administration, which has expressed great interest in social media engagement within its literature but has yet to adopt these types of analysis. Presented in this article is a sample code with instructions on how users may execute it within R to retrieve and analyze tweets relevant to library services. Two examples created using the code (analysis of top librarians’ tweets and analysis of posts about major book publishers) are used to demonstrate the functionality of the code. The code presented in this article may be used by libraries to analyze tweets about their library and library-related topics, which, in turn, may inform management and marketing design.