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1.
Large earthen-walled lysimeters at the San Dimas Experimental Forest in southern California present a unique opportunity to assess vegetation effects on biogeochemical processes and cation release by weathering in controlled soil-vegetation systems where archived samples of soil parent material are available for comparison. The lysimeters were filled in 1937 with homogenized fine sandy loam derived on site from the weathering of diorite, and planted in 1946 with scrub oak (Quercus dumosa) and Coulter pine (Pinus coulteri). Changes in base cation contents were measured in above-ground biomass, and total and exchangeable soil pools to a depth of 1 meter. All cations in the non-exchangeable soil pool decreased relative to the initial fill material, indicating release by weathering. Sodium and K were depleted from both exchangeable and non-exchangeable pools of the soils. Plant uptake of Na was minimal, whereas K storage in vegetation exceeded the loss from the exchangeable soil pool. In both soil-vegetation systems, but especially for oak, there was an increase in exchangeable Ca and Mg. For all base cations, storage in above-ground biomass was greater for oak, whereas losses by weathering from the non-exchangeable soil pool were greater under pine. Strong evidence supports biocycling as a controlling mechanism resulting in greater Ca and Mg release by weathering under pine. In addition, decreases in non-exchangeable Ca and Mg were strongly correlated to decrease in Si under oak, whereas no correlation was observed under pine. We conclude that weathering reactions or stoichiometry differed between vegetation types.Corresponding author  相似文献   
2.
陕南埃迪卡拉纪晚期的高家山生物群中部分化石以黄铁矿化三维立体保存软躯体管状化石为主要特征。对野外识别出的具有不同风化程度的3类粉砂岩进行了详细的手标本特征对比和扫描电子显微镜测试对比研究。锥管虫(Conotubus)的化石成岩学特征表明黄铁矿最先沉淀,随后方解石充填于黄铁矿留下的空隙或空腔中。这些化石所经历的第一期风化作用相对较弱,保留了大量的原始化石成岩学信息;第二期风化作用则可能形成于一个氧化条件较强的环境中。  相似文献   
3.
The weathering of silicate in the world's critical-zone (rock-soil interface) is a natural mechanism providing a feedback on atmospheric CO2 concentrations through the carbonate-silicate cycle. We examined culturable bacterial communities from a critical-zone in western Iceland to determine the optimum growth temperature and their ability to solubilize phosphate-containing minerals, which are abundant within the critical-zone area examined here. The majority of isolated bacteria were able to solubilize mineral-state phosphate. Almost all bacterial isolates were mesophilic (growth optima of 20–45°C), despite critical-zone temperatures that were continuously below 15°C, although all isolates could grow at temperatures associated with the critical-zone (?2.8–13.1°C). Only three isolates were shown to have thermal optima for growth that were within temperatures experienced at the critical-zone. These findings show that the bacteria that inhabit the western Icelandic critical-zone have temperature growth optima suboptimally adapted to their environment, implying that other adaptations may be more important for their long-term persistance in this environment. Moreover, our study showed that the cold basaltic critical-zone is a region of active phosphate mineral-weathering.  相似文献   
4.
This research aims to study the effect of ammonium polyphosphate and expandable graphite on the intumescent coating formulations (ICF). The coating presented in this research article is based on carbon source expandable graphite (EG), blowing agent melamine, acid source ammonium polyphosphate (APP), epoxy resin as a binder with polyamide amine. The stability of the developed coating was verified at 950°C for 1-hour fire test. The results showed that the coating is stable and well bond with the steel substrate. The char was characterized by using FESEM, XRD, FTIR, DTA, TGA, XPS, Py-GCMS and Weathering Test. The morphology of the char was studied by SEM of the coating after furnace fire test. XRD and FTIR show the presence of graphite, borophosphate; boron oxide and sassolite in the residual char. TGA and DTG disclosed that EG improved the residual mass of coating. XPS analysis showed the char residue of IF5-APP-EG contains carbon and oxygen contents 47.50 and 40.70, respectively. Py-GCMS analysis described that the IF5-APP-EG released less gaseous compounds. The weathering test illustrated that's the char expansion of coatings samples was decreased due to the presence of a humid environment and UV light. The IF5-APP-EG showed the maximum char expansion, lower substrate temperature and high residual weight among the studied formulations.  相似文献   
5.
张丽娜  石雷  澎奎  李静  潘利 《轧钢》2021,38(3):118-120
针对马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司大H型钢分厂生产的Q345NQR2耐候H型钢圆角翘皮缺陷问题,采用金相显微镜和扫描电镜分析的方法,分析了缺陷形成原因。结果表明,翘皮缺陷与基体存在明显分层,为热轧工序孔型不合理,万能轧制时轧辊圆角对轧件圆角切肉,轧制过程中把金属压入轧件所致。通过优化开坯机孔型、调整万能轧机水平度等措施,有效减少了此类翘皮缺陷的发生,显著提升了产品质量和经济效益。  相似文献   
6.
以渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷中生界为研究对象,利用岩心、薄片和分析化验等资料,研究风化壳储层的复杂岩性特征、成岩作用类型和储集空间特征,分析风化壳储层质量控制因素,建立多元控储模型,为济阳坳陷乃至中国陆相含油气盆地风化壳储层勘探与开发提供地质依据。研究表明:济阳坳陷中生界风化壳储集层发育陆源碎屑岩、火山碎屑岩、火山熔岩、次火山岩和深成侵入岩等5大类12小类岩石类型。初始孔隙度较高的碎屑岩储层质量最佳。大气淡水和有机酸的溶蚀作用明显改善碎屑岩储层;气体逸散、冷凝收缩、高温熔蚀以及酸性水溶蚀对火成岩储层有建设性意义。碎屑岩储层受岩石成熟度、压实强度、早期方解石胶结和二次埋藏有机酸改造的影响显著。次生溶蚀孔是主要的储集空间类型。济阳坳陷中生界风化壳储层质量受到岩性岩相、成岩流体、构造演化及现今埋深等多个因素的综合影响,提出了五元控储模型;建立了中生界储层甜点发育模型,将有利储层分为5类:断层和不整合面窗口溶蚀带、胶结残留淋滤带、剥蚀残留淋滤带、混合溶蚀带和有利岩相对接带。  相似文献   
7.
郑济高铁在济南附近同时跨越京沪高铁、津浦铁路及水白线,为三层立交结构。由于现场条件复杂,需对此工点的结构形式、构造及施工方案进行研究,以避免新建铁路施工对下方既有高铁和铁路造成较大影响。结合工点情况,进行桥式方案、桥面结构形式比选及施工方案比选,并对国内外耐候钢研究应用成果进行归纳总结。确定此工点采用免涂装耐候钢钢箱梁,UHPC+正交异形板的桥面结构,并针对耐候钢的材质、锈层稳定、防排水设计、维修养护提出详细要求。该方案具有自重小、对既有铁路影响小、施工速度快、耐久性好、后期养护维修工作量小等优点,是新建铁路跨越既有线时有竞争力的桥型之一。  相似文献   
8.
本文首先提出了河流泥沙输移过程中泥沙中的钙镁矿物溶蚀消耗水体中的CO2并具有碳汇功能的观点。基于前人长江干流从源头到入海口和支流2003~2007年期间4次河流悬移质泥沙的化学元素组成和矿物组成资料,分析悬移质中CaO、MgO含量和方解石、白云石含量变化特征,定量计算了这些取样点悬移质泥沙的CO2总碳汇能力和非永久性、永久性碳汇能力,分析了不同碳汇能力沿程变化规律及其原因。碳汇计算结果表明:寸滩—大通河段1956~2000年期间泥沙输移过程中钙镁矿物溶蚀产生的总碳汇量、非永久性和永久性碳汇量分别为2572万t/a、1700万t/a和872万t/a。由于输沙量减少,寸滩站—大通站河段的总碳汇量、非永久性和永久性碳汇量2006~2019年期间较1956~2000年期间相应分别减少了1852万t、1224万t和872万t。三峡水库年均淤积量1. 145亿t,损失总碳汇量675. 6万t,相当于三峡电站减排二氧化碳8580万t的7. 9%。全球河流入海年输沙量126. 1亿t,以寸滩- 吴淞口河段碳汇功能0. 060 t/t计,总碳汇量7. 57亿t相当于全球岩石风化碳汇总量10. 56亿t CO2的71. 6%。河流泥沙输移过程中钙镁矿物溶蚀的碳汇量具有重要的作用,其溶蚀速率大于原地风化。  相似文献   
9.
Wallander  Håkan  Wickman  Tonie  Jacks  Gunnar 《Plant and Soil》1997,196(1):123-131
The objectives of the study are firstly to test the ability of ectomycorrhizal pine seedlings to use apatite as a P source in comparison with non-mycorrhizal pine seedlings and secondly, to determine if there is a relation between exudation of organic acids and the ability to use apatite as a P source. Non-mycorrhizal Pinus sylvestris (L.) seedlings and seedlings ectomycorrhizal with 4 different isolates of ectomycorrhizal fungi were grown for 220 days in sand/peat filled pots with apatite (Ca5(F,OH)(PO4)3) as the sole P source. In an additional experiment, non-mycorrhizal Pinus sylvestris (L.) seedlings and seedlings ectomycorrhizal with 2 different isolates of ectomycorrhizal fungi were grown without any P source for 250 days. All other nutrients were supplied in a balanced nutrient solution.Ectomycorrhizal seedlings grew less than non-mycorrhizal seedlings but ectomycorrhizal seedlings produced a large external mycelium not included in the biomass estimates. All seedlings in the present study had low shoot:root ratios compared to seedlings growing under optimal conditions. All seedlings grown with apatite as P source had higher foliar P concentrations (0.71–2.11 mg/g) than seedlings growing without any P source (0.57–0.75 mg/g) indicating a significant ability to use apatite as a P source. Seedlings colonized by Suillus variegatus and Paxillus involutus had higher concentrations and total contents of P in shoots compared with non-mycorrhizal seedlings, indicating significant improvement of P uptake by these fungi in comparison with non-mycorrhizal seedlings or seedlings colonized Piloderma croceum.No clear relationship between exudation of organic acids and uptake of P was found. Seedlings colonized by S. variegatus reduced the pH of the soil more than seedlings colonized by P. involutus or non-mycorrhizal seedlings. It is suggested that S. variegatus colonization improves the P uptake by reducing the pH of the soil while P. involutus improves P uptake by having a greater ability to absorb dissolved phosphate than non-mycorrhizal roots or roots colonized by the other fungi used in the study.  相似文献   
10.
地下水质量是鄱阳湖水生态环境重要组成部分,研究地下水的水化学特征、形成机制对流域水资源合理开发利用和生态文明建设具有重要意义。利用Gibbs图解法、相关性分析法以及主成分因子分析方法等分析了鄱阳湖信江流域地下水的水化学特征和形成机制。结果表明:大气降水是地下水的主要补给来源,Ca~(2+)、Na~+、HCO~-_3是地下水中优势离子,受水文地质情况及人类活动影响流域内水化学类型主要以Ca-HCO_3、Ca-HCO_3·SO_4为主。地下水中离子主要来源于岩石风化,Ca~(2+)、HCO~-_3、Mg~(2+)主要来自碳酸岩风化,Na~+、SO_4~(2-)主要来自蒸发岩的溶解,NO~-_3、Cl~-主要来自人类活动,K~+主要来源于硅酸岩风化输入,人类活动的影响主要为工矿活动;同时Ca~(2+)、Na~+还受到阳离子交替吸附作用影响,阳离子交替吸附作用参与了地下水水文地球化学过程。碳酸岩、蒸发岩、硅酸岩、人类活动、大气降水对地下水溶质贡献率分别为29.6%、19.9%、12.1%、19%、19.4%。  相似文献   
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