含裂隙介质中的视电阻率各向异性变化

我国50多年的视电阻率连续观测结果表明,大地震前近震中区域的视电阻率呈现出与主压应力方位有关的各向异性变化,即:垂直于主压应力方向观测的变化幅度最大,平行方向最小或不明显,斜交方向介于二者之间.目前我国定点台站视电阻率观测的探测范围主要在浅层沉积层以内,通常含有较多的含水裂隙.本文将地下岩土介质简化为由固体基质和含流体/气体裂隙组成的固液气三相介质,且基质、流体和气体具有标量形式的电阻率,推导出了包含基质和流体电阻率、裂隙率、饱和度和裂隙面积率因子的电阻率张量表达式.以裂隙的扩展/闭合表示应力作用下裂隙的变化,得到了电阻率随裂隙变化的微分形式,电阻率变化对裂隙体积变化放大系数的表达式和裂隙横向变化对纵向电阻率影响的横向权系数的表达式.在此基础上得到了介质电阻率和视电阻率的各向异性变化特征:对于含水裂隙介质,无论裂隙如何变化,均是最小主轴方向电阻率的变化幅度大于其他方向;对于含水孔隙介质,沿孔隙主要变化方向的主轴电阻率变化幅度大于其他方向.对于各向异性变化,视电阻率和介质电阻率存在π/2的方向差异.相较于含水岩石,无水岩石介质电阻率的各向异性变化不显著.本文提出的电阻率表达式可以对实验室和野外实际观测的许多结果做出合理的解释.     

A novel fabrication procedure for producing high strength hydroxyapatite ceramic scaffolds with high porosity

Hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds were fabricated using the space holder method with a pressureless sintering process in a systematically developed manner at different fabrication stages to increase the strength of the scaffold at high porosity. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) were used as binders and space holder agents, respectively. The physical properties of the HA scaffolds were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), linear shrinkage test, and porosity measurements. The mechanical properties of the HA scaffolds were analyzed using compressive strength measurements. The results revealed that the HA scaffold met the expected quality requirements with a compressive strength of 2.2 MPa at a porosity of 65.6% with pore sizes distributed in the range of 126–385 μm. The shrinkage of the scaffold diameter occurred by 20.27%, this diameter shrinkage predominantly to the shrinkage of the HA scaffold caused by sintering. Besides, suspect that a higher PMMA concentration causes pore size shrinkage upon sintering. The formation of pore interconnections was evidenced by SEM observations and the ‘translucent light method’ developed in this study. The results of the scaffold phase test using XRD showed that the final scaffold consisted only of the HA phase, as the PVA and PMMA phases burned out during the sintering process.     

UV curing-assisted 3D plotting of ceramic feedstock containing thermo-regulated phase-separable,photocurable vehicle for dual-scale porosity structure

We propose a novel approach for manufacturing dual-scale porosity alumina structures by UV curing-assisted 3D plotting of a specially formulated alumina feedstock using a thermo-regulated phase separable, photocurable camphene/triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) vehicle. In particular, 3D plotting process was conducted at - 5 °C, and thus an alumina suspension prepared using liquid camphene/TEGDMA at room temperature could undergo phase separation, resulting in camphene crystals surrounded by walls comprised of liquid photopolymer enclosing alumina particles. To enhance the shape retention ability of extruded filaments, polystyrene (PS) polymer was used as the tackifier. The phase-separated feedrod could be extruded favorably through a nozzle and rapidly photopolymerized by UV light during the 3D plotting process. Three-dimensionally interconnected macropores were tightly constructed, which were separated by microporous alumina filaments, where micropores were created by the removal of camphene crystals via freeze-dying. The macroporosity of porous alumina ceramics was controlled by adjusting the distance between deposited filaments, while their microporosity was kept constant, leading to tightly tailored overall porosity and mechanical properties.     

二连盆地乌兰花凹陷特低渗安山岩储层的有效性评价

针对二连盆地乌兰花凹陷安山岩储层的特性认识不清、有效储层划分不准确的问题，利用岩心薄片、黏土矿物分析、物性测试以及核磁共振实验等手段开展了岩石储集空间特征、岩石蚀变程度、测井响应特征分析。在此基础上，重点开展了基于核磁共振实验的安山岩储层有效孔隙度计算模型研究，开发了相适应的测井解释评价模块，并结合常规测井和试油结果建立了安山岩储层的分类标准。结果表明：安山岩储集空间具有发育"微孔"、"杏仁孔"双孔隙的特征，且以微孔为主；根据不同蚀变程度所建立的安山岩有效孔隙度计算模型具有很高的精度，平均绝对误差为0.16%，平均相对误差为19.40%；新测井解释储层分类标准在实际应用中与试油结论具有很好的一致性，有利于乌兰花凹陷安山岩有效储层的精确划分，并为该地区开发方案的设计及可采储量评价提供技术支持。     

Characterisation of the microplasma spraying of biocompatible coating of titanium

This paper presents new results of studying the influence of parameters of microplasma spraying (MPS) of Ti wire on the structure and properties of Ti coatings. Based on the design of the experiment and the results of the SEM study, certain spraying modes were chosen to form the desired composition and structure of the Ti coating.  The dense sublayer (up to 300 µm thick) provides good adhesion to the substrate, and a porous top layer can accelerate the coated implant ingrowth with the bone.  This technology is developed for the manufacture of coated endoprosthesis implants.     

细粒磁铁精矿球团孔隙结构的优化研究

针对-10 μm粒级含量32.63%、比表面积2 980 cm²/g的细粒磁铁精矿,通过有机粘结剂取代部分膨润土优化细粒磁铁精矿球团的孔隙结构,从而改善了生球及成品球质量。相比单独添加1.75%的膨润土球团,配加0.05%的有机粘结剂使膨润土用量降低至0.8%,由于有机粘结剂使小颗粒团聚成较大的颗粒,使得生球的孔隙率从16.68%提高到23.15%,球团爆裂温度从370 ℃提高到500 ℃;且预热过程球团的氧化率从67.48%提高到79.08%,球团均匀氧化避免了球团焙烧时形成双层结构;同时焙烧球孔隙率从12.33%提高到16.83%,使得球团还原度从56.8%提高到69.7%。有机粘结剂部分取代膨润土成功解决了细粒磁铁精矿球团孔隙率低导致的爆裂温度低、氧化速度慢、还原性能差等问题。     

Preparation of YSZ porous ceramics with precise porosity control

Conventional preparation of porous ceramics often hard to accurately control the porosity of the samples. In this paper, by improving the foaming method, the foaming process is placed in the limited space of the ball mill tank, and YSZ porous ceramics with different porosity are obtained by changing the amount of slurry. Initial results showed that the porosity of the sample varies linearly with the increasing of addition of slurry. From the microscopic morphology, it can be seen that the increase in slurry content will reduce the number of pore with little changed size, which lead to the decrease in porosity. Therefore, with simple calculation YSZ porous ceramics with 85%, 80%, 75%, 70%, and 65% porosity can be obtained using the method of foaming in limited space by ball milling.     

泥沙自然堆积孔隙率计算的试验研究

泥沙孔隙率是泥沙研究的一个重要物理量,确定泥沙孔隙率与粒径的定量表达式具有重要意义。通过室内试验,采用排水体积法测量不同粒径组泥沙、均匀沙、混合沙的自然堆积孔隙率,验证了细颗粒泥沙比粗颗粒泥沙孔隙率大的一般性结论,并通过试验结果分析与拟合,给出了均匀沙自然堆积孔隙率的经验公式。同时,运用圆球模拟泥沙颗粒的方法求得均匀沙的理论孔隙率,当均匀沙的中值粒径小于4.5mm时,圆球理论孔隙率与实测孔隙率的相对误差小于3%,得到的理论孔隙率较可靠。     

碳酸盐岩裂缝性储层常规测井评价方法

哈萨克斯坦K油田石炭系KT-Ⅱ段储层为开阔台地相中低孔、特低渗灰岩储层，裂缝对改善储层的渗流能力至关重要，前人研究的利用常规测井资料评价碳酸盐岩储层裂缝的方法由于受裂缝产状、饱和度、泥浆侵入深浅等多方面因素的影响，存在确定性差、容易误判的缺陷。基于研究区目的层段有限的取心和电成像测井资料，结合孔隙型储层和裂缝-孔隙型储层测井响应特征，提出了利用补偿中子确定基块岩石电阻率与基块声波时差，再比较二者与深侧向电阻率、声波时差的差异特征，进而综合识别储层不同产状裂缝发育段，最后建立了裂缝孔隙度、次生孔隙度、裂缝渗透率、总渗透率等储层参数的测井解释模型，实现了利用常规测井资料对碳酸盐岩油藏储层的裂缝识别及参数定量评价。该方法应用的测井综合评价成果与取心物性分析、生产动态情况能够更好地匹配，为该类油藏的合理高效开发提供了依据。