Mo-Modified ZnIn2S4@NiTiO3 S-Scheme Heterojunction with Enhanced Interfacial Electric Field for Efficient Visible-Light-Driven Hydrogen Evolution

Designing and developing visible-light-responsive materials for solar to chemical energy is an efficient and promising approach to green and sustainable carbon-neutral energy systems. Herein, a facile in situ growth hydrothermal strategy using Mo-modified ZnIn₂S₄ (Mo-ZIS) nanosheets coupled with NiTiO₃ (NTO) microrods to synthesize multifunctional Mo-modified ZIS wrapped NTO microrods (Mo-ZIS@NTO) photocatalyst with enhanced interfacial electric field (IEF) effect and typical S-scheme heterojunction is reported. Mo-ZIS@NTO catalyst possesses wide-spectrum light absorption properties, excellent visible light-to-thermal energy effect, electron mobility, charges transfer, and strong IEF and exhibits excellent solar-to-chemical energy conversion for efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Notably, the engineered Mo_1.4-ZIS@NTO catalyst exhibits superior performance with H₂ evolution rate of up to 14.06 mmol g⁻¹ h^{− 1} and the apparent quantum efficiency of 44.1% at 420 nm. The scientific explorations provide an in-depth understanding of microstructure, S-scheme heterojunction, enhanced IEF, Mo-dopant facilitation effect. Moreover, the theoretical simulations verify the critical role of Mo element in promoting the adsorption and activation of H₂O molecules, modulating the H adsorption behavior on active S sites, and thus accelerating the overall catalytic efficiency. The photocatalytic hydrogen evolution mechanism via S-scheme heterojunction with adjustable IEF regulation over Mo_1.4-ZIS@NTO is also demonstrated.     

Optimization of Quantum Cost for Low Energy Reversible Signed/Unsigned Multiplier Using Urdhva-Tiryakbhyam Sutra

One of the elementary operations in computing systems is multiplication. Therefore, high-speed and low-power multipliers design is mandatory for efficient computing systems. In designing low-energy dissipation circuits, reversible logic is more efficient than irreversible logic circuits but at the cost of higher complexity. This paper introduces an efficient signed/unsigned 4 × 4 reversible Vedic multiplier with minimum quantum cost. The Vedic multiplier is considered fast as it generates all partial product and their sum in one step. This paper proposes two reversible Vedic multipliers with optimized quantum cost and garbage output. First, the unsigned Vedic multiplier is designed based on the Urdhava Tiryakbhyam (UT) Sutra. This multiplier consists of bitwise multiplication and adder compressors. Compared with Vedic multipliers in the literature, the proposed design has a quantum cost of 111 with a reduction of 94% compared to the previous design. It has a garbage output of 30 with optimization of the best-compared design. Second, the proposed unsigned multiplier is expanded to allow the multiplication of signed numbers as well as unsigned numbers. Two signed Vedic multipliers are presented with the aim of obtaining more optimization in performance parameters. DesignI has separate binary two’s complement (B2C) and MUX circuits, while DesignII combines binary two’s complement and MUX circuits in one circuit. DesignI shows the lowest quantum cost, 231, regarding state-of-the-art. DesignII has a quantum cost of 199, reducing to 86.14% of DesignI. The functionality of the proposed multiplier is simulated and verified using XILINX ISE 14.2.     

基于B2B-MMC的柔性互联变电站改进型孤岛控制模式

在基于背靠背模块化多电平换流器(back-to-back modular multilevel converter,B2B-MMC)的柔性互联变电站中,当主变压器故障退出运行后,换流器需要从功率传输模式切换到孤岛控制模式。该过程产生的冲击电压和冲击电流会严重威胁设备运行安全和系统供电可靠性。为此提出了一种改进型孤岛控制模式。在分析MMC桥臂瞬时功率与直流母线电压的运行关系的基础上,将有功功率-直流电压平方分配特性的固定下垂系数与利用虚拟惯量的自适应惯性下垂系数相结合。其中自适应惯性技术是将B2B-MMC系统中直流侧有功功率和交流系统频率进行耦合,通过快速调节下垂系数从而抑制切换过程中的电压冲击、降低峰值电流,提高系统的稳定性。在PSCAD/EMTDC暂态仿真软件中搭建了基于B2B-MMC的柔性互联变电站模型,分析了所提方法在换流器切换过程中的响应特性,其结果验证了所提方法的有效性和实用性。     

基于B2B-MMC的柔性互联变电站优化调度方法

针对传统变电站内主变之间采用单母线分段开关难以准确调控潮流问题,提出一种基于背靠背模块化多电平换流器（B2B-MMC）的柔性互联变电站优化调度方法。首先,提出含柔性互联变电站的配电网架构,实现潮流的连续性控制及多区域间互相协调;然后,设计柔性互联变电站架构下的一种潮流优化调度方法,采用遗传算法对换流器进行赋值,利用改进交替迭代法进行潮流计算,实现配电网潮流的主动调控;最后,通过仿真模型验证了本文所提控制方法的有效性和合理性。     

罗丹明B的飞秒双光子荧光显微成像研究

利用宽带飞秒振荡器作为激发光源搭建了双光子荧光显微成像系统,在飞秒脉冲的宽带激发下,测量了罗丹明B溶液的双光子荧光光谱,开展了罗丹明B固体样品的双光子荧光显微成像研究。在双光子荧光显微成像研究中,通过调节激发脉冲的功率,分析了双光子荧光强度和激发脉冲功率之间的关系,并且利用半波片改变线偏振激发光场的偏振方向,研究了双光子荧光强度随激发脉冲偏振方向的变化趋势,实现了双光子荧光强度的类正弦调制。     

两批次番茄炒蛋蛋白质近红外光谱检测模型的维护方法

为解决光谱数据差异导致模型不稳定的问题,研究了不同批次中式菜肴营养素含量预测模型的传递方法。以间隔3个月制作的番茄炒蛋样本为例,采集光谱数据并利用理化方法测定蛋白质含量(每批次120个样本);选择预测效果较好的第二批次模型作为主模型,将分段直接标准化(Piecewise Direct Standardization, PDS)算法、模型更新(Model Updating, MP)和斜率/截距(Slope/Bias, S/B)修正法联合(PDS-MP-S/B)用于菜肴类模型传递,分析不同PDS窗口数和标准集数对预测结果的影响。当PDS窗口数为11且标准集数为100时,PDS-MP-S/B算法对蛋白质含量的预测结果明显优于无模型传递和单独使用3种算法时,预测模型的预测集决定系数R2(Pred)为0.9628,相对预测偏差(Relative Prediction Deviation, RPD)为5.6731,预测均方根误差(Root Mean Square Error of Prediction, RMSEP)为0.3157。从光谱、模型、结果三个方面实现了模型传递,提高了模型的通用性,减少了建模成本,为中式菜肴的快检提供了理论支持。     

Extranasal Staphylococcus aureus colonization predisposes to bloodstream infections in patients on hemodialysis with noncuffed internal jugular vein catheters

Introduction: Staphylococcal infection of endogenous origin is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients who receive hemodialysis (HD). The risk of such infections in nasal carriers of the organism is well defined. Extranasal carriage of the organism at extranasal sites may pose similar risks. Methods: A total of 70 patients about to undergo internal jugular vein catheterization for HD were enrolled in this prospective observational study. Swab cultures were obtained from anterior nares, posterior pharynx, axillae, toe web spaces, and vascular access sites at baseline and 1 week later. A patient was defined as a persistent carrier when the same organism was grown in both samples. Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections were assessed by blood and catheter tip cultures over a 90‐day period. Findings: The mean age of the patients was 43.71 ± 16.2 years. Persistent S. aureus carriage at anterior nares, throat, axilla, toe web spaces, vascular access site, and all sites was documented in 27.9%, 11.4%, 40%, 32.9%, 4.3%, and 64.2% of patients, respectively. Fifteen patients developed S. aureus infections. Catheter related S. aureus infections (CRI) were more likely in persistent carriers than nonpersistent carriers with odds ratios (95% CI) of 10.2 (2.8–37.1), 8.6 (1.7–42.2), 17.3 (3.4–86.0), 3.0 (0.9–9.8), and 1.9 (0.2–22.4) for anterior nares, throat, axilla, toe web spaces, and vascular access site carriers, respectively. The probability of developing CRI in persistent S. aureus carriers was 55% compared to none in noncarriers at 90 days (P = 0.04). Discussion: Extranasal S. aureus carriage is as significant a risk factor as nasal carriage for staphylococcal infections in patients on HD through catheters. The study is limited by lack of molecular phenotyping.     

Chevrel Phase Mo6T8 (T = S,Se) as Electrodes for Advanced Energy Storage

With the large‐scale applications of electric vehicles in recent years, future batteries are required to be higher in power and possess higher energy densities, be more environmental friendly, and have longer cycling life, lower cost, and greater safety than current batteries. Therefore, to develop alternative electrode materials for advanced batteries is an important research direction. Recently, the Chevrel phase Mo₆T₈ (T = S, Se) has attracted increasing attention as electrode candidate for advanced batteries, including monovalent (e.g., lithium and sodium) and multivalent (e.g., magnesium, zinc and aluminum) ion batteries. Benefiting from its unique open crystal structure, the Chevrel phase Mo₆T₈ cannot only ensure rapid ion transport, but also retain the structure stability during electrochemical reactions. Although the history of the research on Mo₆T₈ as electrodes for advanced batteries is short, there has been significant progress on the design and fabrication of Mo₆T₈ for various advanced batteries as above mentioned. An overview of the recent progress on Mo₆T₈ electrodes applied in advanced batteries is provided, including synthesis methods and diverse structures for Mo₆T₈, and electrochemical mechanism and performance of Mo₆T₈. Additionally, a briefly conclusion on the significant progress, obvious drawbacks, emerging challenges and some perspectives on the research of Mo₆T₈ for advanced batteries in the near future is provided.     

Fatigue Crack Growth and Fracture of 30 wt% B4C/6061Al Composites

This paper focuses on studying the fatigue crack growth (FCG) characteristics and fracture behaviours of 30 wt% B₄C/6061Al composites fabricated by using powder metallurgy and hot extrusion method. Compact tension (CT) specimens having incisions parallel to the extrusion direction (T‐D) and perpendicular to the extrusion direction (E‐D) were investigated through FCG tests. Results show that, at low/medium stress‐intensity factor range levels (ΔK ≤ 9), crack propagation rate in E‐D specimens is lower than that in T‐D specimens because the elongated B₄C particles parallel to the extrusion direction in E‐D specimens can deflect the crack. The scanning electron microscope micrographs of the fractured surface illustrate that crack mainly propagates in the matrix alloy at the initial stage of its propagation and propagates more remarkably near the particle‐matrix interface with the increase of ΔK value. B₄C particles are also found to be easy to fracture during the rapid crack propagation. Based on fracture analyses, considering the impacts of factors like crack deviation, plastic zone size at the crack tip, and crack driving force, a 2‐D crack propagation model was developed to study the fatigue crack propagation mechanism in the 30 wt% B₄C/6061Al composite.