上向流厌氧氨氧化生物滤池的启动与脱氮性能

利用上向流陶粒滤池反应器进行了厌氧氨氧化工艺的启动与性能研究.以A/O除磷工艺出水为试验原水,先以自然挂膜的方法启动好氧硝化生物膜,再通过自然筛选和人工诱导的方式将其转化为厌氧氨氧化生物膜,7个月后实现了厌氧氨氧化工艺的启动,TN去除负荷达到了6.8 kg/(m~3·d),微生物表观比生长速率为0.0018h~(-1).试验表明,上向流的运行方式有利于提高厌氧氨氧化生物滤池的脱氮性能,最高TN去除负荷达到12.37 kg/(m~3·d),比目前文献所报道的最高值还要高出很多.另外,试验滤池厌氧氨氧化过程的化学计量学和COD去除特性表明该过程中存在一定程度的异养反硝化过程,且对滤池的厌氧氨氧化脱氮有利.     

A/O生物除磷工艺丝状菌膨胀的控制

为了有效控制A/O生物除磷工艺处理化粪池污水时产生的丝状菌膨胀,先后采取改变系统的COD污泥负荷(NCOD)、溶解氧(DO)的质量浓度和降低S2-的质量浓度等措施,最终使A/O除磷工艺丝状菌膨胀得到了控制,污泥沉降性能得到了有效恢复.研究结果表明:A/O除磷工艺在高NCOD条件下运行时,容易发生严重的丝状菌膨胀现象,原因是COD在厌氧区降解后仍有较高的剩余量进入好氧区,导致聚磷菌在和丝状菌的竞争中优势变弱;在低NCOD条件下运行时,由于原水中硫化物含量过高导致丝状硫细菌增殖,因此仍然存在轻度的丝状菌膨胀现象.     

SPE-GC-MS方法分析城市生活污水中多氯联苯的研究

要得到城市生活污水中多氯联苯的准确含量,必须选择合适的前处理方法.采用C18固相萃取柱富集生活污水中的PCBs,选择最佳用量为10 mL的组合萃取剂丙酮+正己烷(体积比为1∶1)进行萃取,结合浓硫酸洗涤、硅胶柱层析净化和无水硫酸钠干燥的方式深度提取PCBs;以EPA推荐的7种PCBs为外标物,采用GC-MS法对样品中的PCBs进行定性和定量分析.结果表明:城市生活污水中7种PCBs总量为27.75 ng/L.分析方法的相对标准偏差为1.6%~8.8%,回收率为84%~103%,检测限达到0.014μg/L.     

Effects of main factors on remedying northern landscaping water by hybrid ecological filter

Natural zeolite and coal cinder were layered as main packing medium of the ecological filter instead of traditional filling to remedy the static lake water in Northern China.The ecological filter was running in a combined upward and downward flow mode.Dynamic experiments were carried out to study the effects of retention time and ambient temperature on pollutants’ removal efficiency of the hybrid ecological filter.The function of plant was also studied by contrast test.It is showed that the removal efficiencies of NH4+-N and TP are increased when the retention time is changed from 1 h to 2 h and 4 h,but the removal efficiency of TN is decreased,the removal efficiency of NH4+-N is increased from 91.5% to 98% and that of TP is increased from 31.8% to 52.5%.When the temperature declines,the temporal removal efficiency of NH4+-N is reduced,but the removal efficiency of 24 h and 48 h is remained.The removal efficiency of TP after 24 h and 48 h is decreased when the temperature declines evidently.The retention time plays an important role in NH4+-N and TP removal,and the ambient temperature is significant for TP removal.The plant favors for TP and organic matter removal but has little effect on TN removal.     

A preliminary study on total removal efficiency of organic pollutants in sewage by Harbin municipal sewage treatment plant

To evaluate the removal efficiency of organic pollutants in the sewage by Harbin municipal sewage treatment plant,the influent and effluent samples from the plant were pretreated by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) under conditions of acidity,neutrality and alkalescence in sequence,and then were analyzed by gas chromatograph-mass spectrum (GC-MS) procedures.Results indicate that there are 70 species of organic pollutants in the influent sample of the plant,which mainly consist of alkyls,benzene series,esters,and heterocyclic compounds.Some of these organic pollutants are biotoxic and belong to persistent organic pollutants (POPs).Four species among them are on the list of Prior Pollutants of Environmental Protection Agency of USA (USEPA).However,7 species of organic pollutants appearing in the effluent sample mainly include alkyls of multi-carbons and phthalate esters.The removal efficiency of phthalates is poor because of their poor biodegradability.The sewage treatment technique is effective in removing most of organics pollutants.     

L-fuzzy闭包算子及其等价刻画

借助L-fuzzy映射和L-fuzzy集的像,给出了由L-fuzzy映射诱导的L-fuzzy闭包算子及其等价刻画.当L为有限分配格时,讨论了代数的L-fuzzy闭包算子及其所诱导的闭包系统的等价刻画.     

饱和黏土非达西渗透特性试验研究

利用改造过的渗透固结仪,通过交叉,进行固结试验和渗透试验,对河南某地饱和黏土在不同固结压力下的渗透规律进行了研究.试验证明,该种饱和黏土中的渗流存在偏离Darcy定律的现象,并可用Hansbo的非线性分段模型来描述.试验结果表明,黏土渗透性与孔隙比呈非线性关系,黏土渗透性随固结压力增加呈现非线性减小.在此基础上分析了相关渗透参数与孔隙比之间的关系.     

由已知Bent序列构造新的Bent序列

从Bent函数的序列表示出发,通过对Walsh-Hadamard矩阵性质的研究,得到了n阶Walsh-Hadamard矩阵Hn的每一行取反向及隔位取负仍为该矩阵的某行,任一行的奇数位项及偶数位项为n-1阶Walsh-Hadamard矩阵Hn-1的某行,由此给出了由两个已知Bent序列,通过不同的级联构造Bent序列的三种方法,并得到了由4个Bent序列级联而成的序列为Bent序列的充要条件为:该级联序列中的前两个序列及后两个序列的插位构成的序列为Bent序列.     

典型城市承压含水层区域性特性

为了避免基坑工程设计和施工中因没有处理好承压水影响而产生的基坑工程事故,研究承压含水层特性.以调查研究杭州钱塘江承压含水层特性为主,参考上海、武汉、北京、天津4个城市有关水文地质方面的研究材料,研究这5个城市的承压含水层特性.比较分析这5个城市的承压含水层埋深、厚度、水位、顶板厚度等特性,介绍各城市典型的工程实例、承压水处理方法及抽降承压水对地面沉降的影响.研究表明:杭州、上海两地潜水与承压水的越流效果不明显,可视条件选择全降水或隔渗帷幕结合减压降水;武汉地区承压含水层埋藏浅,上层承压水可以采用疏干的方法;北京、天津两地单层含水层和隔水层厚度较小,可以尝试自渗降水.     

系统粉粉色、麸星含量与面片色泽之间的关系

以小麦加工不同系统的20个粉样为原料,研究了系统粉粉色、麸星含量与面片色泽之间的关系.结果表明:麸星含量主要影响面粉的白度,对面片的色泽影响很小,面粉的白度与面片的色泽关系显著.面粉的色泽与面片色泽之间呈显著正相关,尤其是面粉的红度、黄度对面片的色泽影响极大.