Utilisation and Management Changes in South Kyrgyzstan＇s Mountain Forests

Using political ecology as its conceptual framework, this paper focuses on the changes in forest utilisation and management of South Kyrgyzstan＇s walnut-fruit forests over the last century The aim of this study on human-environment interactions is to investigate the relationship between actors on the one side, their interests and demands, and the forests and forested lands on the other. Forest resource utilisation and management - and even the recognition of different forest products as resources - are connected with political and socioeconomic conditions that change with time. The walnut-fruit forests of South Kyrgyzstan are unique, characterised by high biodiversity and a multiplicity of usable products; and they have been utilised for a long time. Centralised and formal management of the forests started with the Russian occupation and was strengthened under Soviet rule, when the region became a part of the USSR. During this era, a state forest administration that was structured from Moscow all the way down to the local level drew up detailed plans and developed procedures for utilising the different forest products. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, the socio-political and economic frame conditions have changed significantly, which has brought not only the sweeping changes in the managing institutions, but also the access rights and interests in the forest resources. At present, the region is suffering from a high unemployment rate, which has resulted in the forests＇ gaining considerable importance in the livelihood strategies of the local population. Political and economic liberalization, increased communication and transregional exchange relations have opened the door for international companies and agents interested in the valuable forest products. Today, walnut wood and burls, walnuts, wild apples and mushrooms are all exported to various countries in the world. Scientists and members of various international organisations stress the ecological value of the forests and are trying to establish nature conservation areas. Nevertheless, it is to fear that a multiplicity of interrelated factors - the present transformation and globalization processes, the appearance of new actors, the local population＇s insecure economic situation and the erosion of managing institutions - are all leading to an intensified and unregulated exploitation of the forests, resulting in their degradation.     

Mineral Resources of Chinese Altay and Tianshan： Metallogeny and Related Tectonic Processesm—A field workshop of IGCP-473

A workshop of the IGCP-473 was held in Xinjiang, northwestern China, from August 9-21. It was attended by more than 70 scientists, including 29 from outside of China, i.eUnited States, Canada, Australia, Japan,Russia, United Kingdom, South Africa,Mongolia, Kyrgyzstan, and Khazakstan. The workshop was superbly organized by a team led by Prof. Mao Jingwen of Institute of     

中天山坡地冰缘地貌的若干问题

由 1985—1989年野外调查结果和定位重复观测资料可知,本区坡地冰缘地貌的分布特征为:1.各类坡地冰缘形态彼此具有成因联系;2.不同序次的冰缘地貌类型具有各自的时空分异;3.不同的坡地冰缘地貌类型在一定条件下可有所转化。再则,本区风化以寒冻剥裂和寒冻楔入为主,呈现在时空和状态上为不可逆过程的耗散结构。     

一次中天山暴雨天气的诊断分析

利用常规气象资料、T213物理量、风云2c红外云图及多普勒雷达探测资料,对2008年7月25日17时-26日08时发生在中天山的暴雨天气过程进行了特征分析。结果表明：此次暴雨过程由天气尺度的冷锋暴雨云团造成,暴雨落区出现在高空西南急流轴南侧,各测站的短时强降水由冷锋暴雨云团中的中尺度雨团所致。     

“气候 变化对天山北坡经济带农业生产的影响”项目通过验收

2008年6月6日,受中国气象局科技发展司委托,乌鲁木齐区域气象中心组织有关专家,在乌鲁木齐对由气候中心傅玮东高级工程师主持的中国气象局气候变化专项“气候变化对天山北坡经济带农业生产的影响”进行了验收。验收组专家由来自自治区党委农办、新疆石河子大学、自治区农科院、新疆气象局、乌鲁木齐气象卫星地面站、沙漠气象研究所等单位的7位专家组成。     

乌鲁木齐城市活断层探测与地震危险性评价主要成果简介

以乌鲁木齐市建成区和规划区作为探测目标区,对区内的活动断层及其深部发震构造进行了系统的探测,对活动断层的危险性和危害性进行了初步评价。根据断层活动性鉴定,确定目标区内存在2组全新世活动断层,即王家沟断层组和九家湾断层组。前者为近EW向的北倾逆断层,后者为NE走向的北倾正断层。晚更新世活动断层为八钢-石化隐伏断层、西山断层、碗窑沟断层和白杨南沟断层。深部发震构造探测揭示出目标区所处的北天山山前薄皮推覆构造及其前缘逆断层-褶皱的清楚结构,结合流动地震观测和小震精确定位等,建立了目标区活动断层的发震构造模型。通过古地震探槽和地震活动性研究对目标区全新世活动断层和晚更新世活动断层的地震危险性进行了评价;并在此基础上对可能发生的直下型大地震所引起的强地震动进行了预测,对全新世活动断层可能产生的地表错动带和晚更新世活动断层可能引起的地表变形带进行了预测     

新疆哈尔里克山后碰撞期构造-岩浆活动特征及年代学证据

新疆地区后碰撞期构造-岩浆活动非常活跃,其同位素年龄集中在290～270Ma。天山东段的后碰撞期构造-岩浆活动研究相对薄弱,高质量的定年数据较少。在野外地质调查的基础上,笔者选择东天山哈尔里克地区的小堡花岗岩体进行了锆石的LA-ICP-MSU-Pb定年,获得两组谐和年龄,分别为297±2Ma和295±2Ma,代表哈尔里克地区后碰撞早期岩浆作用的形成时代。小堡岩体矿物组合以斜长石、石英、钾长石、角闪石和黑云母为主,副矿物有锆石、磷灰石和磁铁矿,与I型高钾钙碱性花岗岩矿物组合基本一致。与小堡花岗岩体同时发育、空间并存的还有基性岩墙群和碱性花岗岩,构成后碰撞初始阶段三组合地质标志。结合区域地质资料,认为小堡早二叠世花岗岩体是后碰撞初期碰撞造山、地壳增厚引发下地壳物质部分熔融的产物,其构造属性为板内岩浆活动。     

天山地区新元古代-早寒武世火山岩地球化学和岩石成因

天山地区新元古代-早寒武世玄武质熔岩包括拉斑玄武质和碱性玄武质两个主要岩浆系列，前者是早期（早南华世贝义西组、早震旦世扎摩克提组）喷发的火山岩系的主要组成，后者是晚期（早震旦世苏盖特布拉克组、晚震旦世水泉组、早寒武世西山布拉克组）喷发的火山岩系的主要组成。稀土、微量元素和Sr、Nd同位素特征揭示，这些火山岩均形成于大陆裂谷环境，其源区可能是源于一种似洋岛玄武岩源的软流圈地幔源，并且在岩浆上侵喷发过程中发生了岩石圈的混染。     

中天山前寒武纪基底中新发现铁铜矿床

池西铁铜矿床是近年来新发现的赋存在中天山前寒武纪基底卡瓦布拉克群内的块状硫化物型矿床,具上铁下铜的分带性,在成因上可能与海相火山作用有关。已发现的2个矿体呈层状、透镜状产出,产状与围岩地层一致。该矿床可能是中天山地区卡瓦布拉克群内首次发现的块状硫化物型矿床,对今后在中天山乃至东天山地区寻找与海相火山作用有关的块状硫化物型矿床(尤其是铁铜共生矿床)具有重要的参考意义。     

天山北坡地质景观掠影系列之（一）：奎屯河大峡谷

2006年5月上旬,小雨淅淅沥沥地总是下个不停,我们一行7人在独山子匆匆吃过午饭,稍做休息,在摄影朋友的引领下,分乘两部越野汽车沿着217国道向西南方向挺进。如果我们不是专程为了到达奎屯河大峡谷,可以顺着217国道盘山而上翻越天山雪线,便可直抵南一重镇库车县,这就是多少人向往的独库公路。初春时节在这条蜿蜒崎岖的山路两旁有享不尽的原始森林、草原风光。记得2000年7月,当我驱车第一次行驶在这条素有“天路”之称的独库公路上,领略着巴音布鲁克大草原的辽阔、那拉提巩乃斯河谷的秀美,乔尔玛盘山路的险峻,令我心旷神怡,流连忘返。更让人叫…