炭素焙烧炉沥青烟静电处理技术

采用干式静电除尘技术,对炭素焙烧炉排放的含有烟尘、沥青烟的工业废气进行处理,达到既能高效净化有害气体,又能降低资金投入。处理后的各项指标为:烟尘排放浓度=20.0m g/m3,沥青烟排放浓度=14.2mg/m3,苯并(a)芘排放浓度=0.054×1-0 3mg/m3,所有污染物均达到排放标准要求。     

垃圾焚烧炉飞灰中苯并[a]芘分析方法研究

用丙酮作溶剂超声波抽提垃圾焚烧炉飞灰中苯并[a]芘有机物,再用固相萃取纯化,然后利用配ODS3C18色谱柱的高效液相色谱仪,在以90%乙腈+10%水为流动相,流速为1mL/min,激发波长246nm和发射波长431nm的条件下测定了垃圾焚烧炉飞灰中的苯并[a]芘含量。结果表明:该方法检出限为0.01ng/mL,苯并[a]芘的回收率90.8%,方法的RSD(相对标准偏差)为3.89%。     

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in milk powders marketed in Argentina and Brazil

The aim of this study was to quantify polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) levels in milk powder samples commercialised in Argentina and Brazil during 2012. Thirty-one samples were available from the retail market. An HPLC method for the determination of PAHs was applied involving a clean-up step with silica cartridges. Recoveries were greater than 79% for all PAHs analysed. Reproducible determination with adequate detection and quantification limits (LOD and LOQ) were attained by HPLC with fluorescence detection for 14 PAHs. Acenaphthylene was determined with a UV–VIS detector. There is no significant difference in any PAHs or in the sum of them between the Argentinean and Brazilian samples. Therefore, the samples were evaluated together. The highest concentration of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) detected was 0.57 µg kg^?1 in milk powder. Contamination of samples expressed as the sum of 15 analysed PAHs varied between 11.8 and 78.4 µg kg^?1 and as PAH4 (BaP, chrysene, benzo(a)anthracene and benzo(b)fluoranthene) was between 0.02 and 10.16 µg kg^?1. The correlation coefficient for PAH2 (BaP and chrysene) and PAH4 groups was 0.95, for PAH2 and PAH8 it was 0.71, and for PAH4 and PAH8 it was 0.83. All the samples were below the regulatory limit for BaP, but 65% of commercial milk powders do not comply with the European Union limit for PAH4. This is the first report of PAH contamination in powder milk from Argentina and Brazil.     

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Maternal and Cord Blood Plasma

Abstract

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) come from incomplete combustion of organic materials, including tobacco smoke. Some PAH are known to be mutagenic and carcinogenic and of concern for the fetus when women smoke during pregnancy. Known consequences of smoking during pregnancy include low birth weight (LBW) and preterm (PT) delivery. This study was designed to measure concentrations of 3 PAH: anthracene (A), benzo(a)pyrene (BP) and 1-hydroxypyrene (1-HP) in paired maternal (M) and cord blood (CB) samples. Additionally, we explored relationships between the PAH concentrations and LBW or PTD. Cotinine was used as a biomarker of tobacco exposure. All 3 PAH were found in M and CB plasma. A was significantly elevated in CB plasma compared to M plasma at higher M cotinine concentrations. BP in PT infants was significantly lower than in term. There were significant correlations between M and CB concentrations of anthracene. Correlations of 1-HP with cotinine in CB and M plasma were significant but opposite in direction. Anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene and 1-hydroxypyrene are present in measurable concentrations in M and CB plasma at the time of delivery. The higher concentrations of anthracene in CB plasma may be due to differences in maternal metabolism during pregnancy, length of labor or metabolism in the fetus. Long-term effects of anthracene on the infant are unknown and merit further investigation.     

AP-PCR Fingerprinting for Detection of Genetic Damage Caused by Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Exposure of organisms to genotoxic chemicals results in the formation of stable, covalently bound adducts between the chemical (or one of its metabolites) and the DNA, these adducts may cause mutations and cytogenetic changes. The primary effects of such exposure (i.e. adduct formation) and subsequent effects on the DNA (cytogenetic damage, mutation) may be monitored using a number of assays of varying sensitivity and specificity. Recent developments in molecular biology offer new possibilities for detecting DNA damage. We examined whether DNA fingerprinting by arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR) can reveal differences in the DNA fingerprints of rats and shore crabs exposed to benzo[a]pyrene in the laboratory and of crabs from control and from polluted areas. The results indicate that differences between control and exposed animals were detectable and that DNA fingerprinting by AP-PCR offers a useful alternative biomarker assay for the detection of the genotoxic effects of environmental pollutants.     

Influence of 6-Amino chrysene on the Kinetics of the Metabolic Process for 9-Hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene in 3T3 and RTG2 Cells

PAH metabolism is known to proceed in two successive steps, the first one resulting in the production of activated metabolites which are subsequently transformed by the different pathways involved in the second step. Microspectrofluorometry enables us to study the kinetics of these steps in living intact cells in which no imbalance has been introduced artificially. We have used this technique in order to check the influence of 6-Amino-chrysene (6 AC) on the kinetics of the metabolism of 9-Hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene (9-OH-B(a)P) which, in a previous study, had been shown to proceed mainly through the glucuronide pathway. We have first demonstrated that both 6 AC and 9-OH-B(a)P were good substrates for Rabbit Glucuronic Transferase. Then using RTG2 and 3T3 cells, we have verified that the glucuronide pathway was strongly involved in the metabolism of 6 AC. Finally we have demonstrated that 6 AC strongly inhibits the metabolism of 9-OH-B(a)P in both cell lines. Such results are consistent with a competition of both compounds for the same binding site of GTAse 1.     

基于芘丁酸的SAMs薄膜制备及荧光氧猝灭特性

利用SAMs(self-assembled monolayers)技术将芘丁酸分子接枝于经过3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷分子(APTES)修饰的玻璃基片表面。通过XPS、荧光发射光谱的表征以及接触角测试等来考察薄膜的结构及性能,考察了薄膜在不同溶剂中的荧光氧猝灭特性。实验表明,芘丁酸分子以化学键合的方式固定于玻片表面,形成了SAMs薄膜,其在甲苯、三氯甲烷、二氯甲烷等极性较小的有机溶剂中的氧猝灭效率较高,并具有良好的重复性。     

芘荧光探针光谱法测定CTAB临界胶束浓度

以芘为荧光探针,测定了40℃时不同浓度的表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)增溶芘后的荧光光谱,研究了CTAB的聚集行为。根据I1(波长λ1为373nm处的荧光强度)、I3(波长λ3为384nm处的荧光强度)、I1/I3值、芘的第一荧光峰处λ1和第三荧光峰处λ3分别随c(CTAB)变化的曲线都有突变点,且5个突变点处的c(CTAB)均为0.80mmol/L,故可以确定CTAB的临界胶束浓度(CMC)为0.80mmol/L。表明芘荧光探针法是能够比较准确测定表面活性剂CMC的方法。     

Metabolization of the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Benzo( A )Pyrene by a Non-White Rot Fungus ( Fusarium Solani ) in a Batch Reactor

To investigate metabolization of benzo[ a ]pyrene (B a P), a high-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of five aromatic rings, by a Deuteromycete Fusarium solani , a culture with [7,10- 14 C]benzo[ a ]pyrene was carried out in a batch fermentor under cometabolic conditions. In spite of drastic culture conditions with a high load of B a P (302 mg in a 1.6 liters), analysis of the growth and substrate depletion kinetics showed a classical pattern. The evolution of 14 CO 2 release demonstrated that B a P mineralization by the non-white rot fungus F. solani occurred rapidly at early stages of fermentation (15 hr) during the germination process. At the end of fermentation, 1.2% of the B a P was evolved as 14 CO 2 and 5.3% was incorporated in biomass. B a P metabolization was also confirmed by isolating metabolic products, extracted from mycelia and identified as 1,6-benzo[ a ]pyrene quinone and 3,6-benzo[ a ]pyrene quinone, by mass and ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopic analyses.     

Comparative Studies on PAH in Pitch by Liquid Chromatography/Fluorescence and Other Methods

In order to evaluate the PAH toxicity potential of our Söderberg cell emissions, a first PAH HPLC/F1 method was developed in the early 1990′s. A quality control of PAH measurements, based on the B[a]P Eq. Index of homogeneous, stable reference materials, was implemented to follow the pitches used in the fabrication of anode pastes. This technique employed megabore columns (4.6-mm o.d.) with twin fluorescence detectors. In the mid-1990′s, this method was upgraded to minibore columns in order to increase the accuracy. Data for the same pitches was accumulated over a three-year period. This communication compares the results from the two HPLC/F1 approaches including the extraction procedures, the stability of the PAH extracts, the stability of the equipment, the temporal resolution, the wavelengths used, etc., which can affect the apparent PAH values. This new method has also been compared with the results from other laboratories using different protocols and techniques including the presence of instrument specific interferences.