Fe(II) oxidation by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans in pure and mixed cultures in the presence of arsenate

Fe²⁺ oxidation by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans in pure and mixed cultures was investigated in batch cultures in the presence of arsenate. The pH value was periodically monitored and Fe²⁺ content was analyzed by the 1,10-phenanthroline method. ICP-AES was employed for the analysis of As(V) concentration in the solution phase. Precipitates were collected and analyzed by X-ray diffraction. Slight enhancement of iron bio-oxidation was observed in mixed cultures with the two greatest As(V) concentrations (1.0 and 5.0 mg/L As), which were enriched from sediment samples in an abandoned copper mine site. As(V) concentrations decreased with time, indicating either the co-precipitation with or the adsorption by jarosite, the major sink of solid phase. Our data suggest that biogenically synthesized jarosite may play an important role in the attenuation of soluble arsenate in natural aquatic environments.     

希瓦氏菌还原作用下黄钾铁矾的相转变特征及其负载铬的迁移转化规律

黄钾铁矾对酸性矿山废水中铬（Cr）等污染物有较好的固定去除作用.微生物活动对黄钾铁矾的稳定性和Cr的迁移转化特性有重要影响.因此,本研究在厌氧条件下,通过批次实验研究了希瓦氏菌MR-1还原溶解负载Cr黄钾铁矾过程中二次矿物的形成和Cr污染物的迁移转化特性.结果表明,希瓦氏菌能够促进黄钾铁矾的还原溶解.Cr负载能够增强黄钾铁矾的稳定性,抑制矿物的溶解转化.在不含Cr实验组,黄钾铁矾相转变产物为蓝铁矿和针铁矿;而在负载Cr实验组,二次矿物仅为蓝铁矿.在希瓦氏菌还原溶解负载Cr黄钾铁矾的过程中,矿物中有少量的Cr溶出,进入水体,随后又被吸附于新形成的二次矿物中.矿物中的Cr由原来的残渣态转化为不定型铁结合态,固相中Cr释放的风险增大.XPS检测结果表明,矿物表面的Cr（Ⅵ）被还原为Cr（Ⅲ）,Cr的毒性降低.研究结果对进一步理解酸性矿山废水中Fe、S和Cr的地球化学循环过程有重要意义.     

红土镍矿制备黄钠铁矾的研究

为确定红土镍矿酸化焙烧溶出液中硫酸镍溶液除铁的工艺条件,以低品位红土镍矿硫酸铵焙烧熟料溶出液为研究对象,Na2CO3为造矾试剂制备了黄钠铁矾。造矾最佳试验条件为:反应温度95℃、反应时间4 h、终点p H值为2.5,除铁率在99.5%以上,并采用XRD、SEM和化学分析手段对黄钠铁矾进行了物化表征,显示在此条件下所得到的黄钠铁矾具有分散性良好、外形规则的,包含多个光滑颗粒的花球状的结构。     

Characterisation of solid phases in the iron–sulphate–water system where silver is present

A pressure oxidation (POX)-hot cure (HC)-lime boil (LB) process is used in industry to recover silver from refractory gold sulphide ores containing minerals such as pyrite and arsenopyrite. Pressure oxidation is used to oxidise minerals and liberate occluded gold particles. As such, iron goes into solution and under acidic and high-temperature conditions often precipitates as basic iron sulphate (BFS). BFS consumes excess lime during neutralisation before cyanidation. Therefore, a hot cure stage is required to re-dissolve BFS back into solution. BFS re-dissolution consumes acid and produces ferric sulphate. In the presence of silver, these conditions favour the slow formation of silver jarosite. Silver jarosite is refractory to cyanidation and must be broken down before cyanidation. This is done in the lime boil to produce a cyanide-soluble silver hydroxide. A study was conducted to investigate parameters that affect the precipitates that form in each stage of the POX-HC-LB process.     

红土镍矿选择性溶出制备黄铵铁矾花球状晶体

以红土镍矿硫酸焙烧熟料溶出液为原料,(NH_4)_2CO_3为碱式调节剂,采用湿法制备黄铵铁矾。研究和分析了反应温度、反应时间和pH值对溶出液中黄铵铁矾生成率的影响,并利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子电微镜(SEM)和化学成分分析等手段对制备产物进行了表征。研究发现,在反应温度95℃、反应时间4 h、终点pH值是2.5的条件下,黄铵铁矾生成率大于98%,实现了铁的有效分离,得到花球状黄铵铁矾粉体。     

铁矾渣还原焙烧自硫化研究

为解决铁矾渣大量堆存带来的资源浪费和重金属污染,及传统焙烧回收处理工艺会产生SO_2等二次污染的问题,同时实现铁矾渣中主要有价金属的回收利用,提出了铁矾渣还原焙烧固硫的预处理方法。以铁矾渣热分解过程和热力学计算为基础,通过考察焙烧条件对铁矾渣中主要有价金属锌的硫化率、硫的固定率及物相转变的影响,对铁矾渣还原焙烧自硫化过程进行了研究。结果表明:在焙烧温度为900℃,碳粉添加量为18%,碳酸钠添加量为5%,焙烧时间为90min的条件下,锌的硫化率和硫固化率分别可达93.47%和87.69%。焙烧产物主要以硫化物形式存在,可通过浮选等方式富集。铁矾渣还原焙烧可以实现Zn等主要有价金属的综合回收预处理并避免焙烧过程中SO_2的排放。该研究对其它重金属硫酸盐的清洁处理具有重要的指导意义。     

不同条件下形成的黄钾铁矾微形貌对比研究

黄钾铁矾是酸性矿山废水（AMD） 中常见的次生矿物,能有效吸附AMD中Cu、Pb、Zn、Gd、As等重金属元素。不 同条件下形成的黄钾铁矾微形貌不同,其吸附能力也不同。文章通过化学法和微生物法合成了黄钾铁矾,并在粤北大宝山 矿酸性矿山废水中采集了含黄钾铁矾的泥样。利用扫描电镜-能谱分析（SEM） 和X光衍射（XRD）,对三种不同条件下形 成的黄钾铁矾进行鉴定和微形貌特征观察,并分析黄钾铁矾的形成条件。结果表明,常温条件下,pH值2.0~2.5时能够化 学合成黄钾铁矾,其晶体粒径约2~10 μm,且晶形呈板状;而在65℃时,可在pH2.0~3.0之间化学合成黄钾铁矾,但晶形 差。微生物法合成黄钾铁矾pH范围是2.0~5.0,其晶形完好,呈菱面体且晶体大小比较均匀,而约为2~4 μm。酸性矿山废 水中的黄钾铁矾形成的pH值为2.5~3.5,晶形为菱面体形,单个晶体大小多为1~2 μm。根据其形成条件和微形貌特征,文 章推测酸性矿山废水中形成的黄钾铁矾可能是微生物成因。     

硫酸铜除铁工艺的研究

在以黄铜矿为原料生产硫酸铜的工艺中，浸取后的硫酸铜母液中铁的含量约为14—18g/L，这严重影响了硫酸铜的结晶和质量；而经过本工艺处理后铁的含量可降至0．01g/L以下。工艺分为两步进行，第一步，先用氨水调pH=1．5左右，且在反应过程中保持溶液pH值在1．0—1．5之间，温度在90—95℃之间，用活性炭、亚硝酸钠作为催化剂，用空气氧化，反应3h，生成黄铵铁矾，进行初步除铁；过滤分离出黄铵铁矾，第二步在pH=1．8～2．2用H2O2氧化稠余的Fe^2 至Fe^3 ，进一步除铁，并升温至85—90℃之间，反应3h，除缺率达99％以上,溶液中铁小于0．01g/L。     

用黄钠铁矾渣制备复合镍锌铁氧体

对黄钠铁矾渣制备复合镍锌铁氧体进行研究。研究结果表明：当黄钠铁矾渣与无烟煤按质量比为5：1均匀混合，在800℃还原焙烧0．5h，焙烧渣用0．5mol／L硫酸溶液按液固比7：1在70℃浸出40min时，渣中93％的铁和镍进入浸出液中。浸出液经过净化除杂后得到含镍的硫酸亚铁溶液，加入计量的硫酸镍和硫酸锌，采用共沉淀法，以NH4HCO3为沉淀剂，通过改变沉淀剂的用量控制pH值制备镍锌铁碳酸盐。将镍锌铁碳酸盐在800℃煅烧2h得到具有尖晶石结构的Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4粉体，粒径约为59nm，粒度均匀，呈球形；煅烧4h时粉体粒径变大，粒度不均匀，呈棒状。     

Synthesis of Ni-Zn ferfite and its microstructure and magnetic properties

Nanometer Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 powders with spinel phase were prepared by the hydrothermal method using purified FeSO4 solution from sodium jarosite＇s slag as materials. The results show that the spinel phase of Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 powders begins to form at a relatively low temperature （130 ℃） and a shorter holding time （1 h） when pH=8. The crystallization kinetics equation at 200℃ is ln[-ln（1-x）] =-0.78＋0.951n t. The growth activation energy of Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 grains is 41.6 kJ/moL in hydrothermal synthesis process. With the increase of sintering temperature, the density and diameter shrinkage of ferrite circulus increase, whereas its pores decrease. The results of magnetic measurements show that saturation magnetic flux density Bs increases and the coercivity Hc decreases with the increase of their sintering temperature. Magnetic parameters of all the investigated samples satisfy the character demand of high Bs, low Br and low Hc of soft magnetic ferrite materials.