交流三相温升试验能用交流单相串联试验替代吗?(续)

在交流三极电器的温升试验中,能否用三极串联通以单相交流试验电流来替代三极中通以交流三相试验电流?这取决于在2种试验方法下,电器各极间的电磁邻近效应是否能够忽略.本文通过理论分析和试验验证得出:具有并联支路的三极电器,其温升试验不可用交流单相串联来替代交流三相.     

微摩擦测试仪的研制

微机械构件表面的微摩擦不同于宏观摩擦．也不同于原子力／摩擦力显微镜探针与基片之间的微摩擦。因此。宏观或微观摩擦实验仪器对于微摩擦的研究有很大的局限．本文从实际出发．设计并研制了考虑微机械工况的销盘式微摩擦测试仪及其数据处理系统，采用微应变片获取摩擦力及载荷导致的变形信号，通过A／D卡采集数据．在数据处理系统中进行数据处理．从而获得微摩擦力和微载荷的数值．为微摩擦特性测试和分析提供一种手段。     

高压电器可靠性研究的探讨

阐述了高压电器可靠性研究的意义，探讨了高压电器自身可靠性的特点，总结了国内外在高压电器可靠性研究方面的经验和成果，在此基础上提出了对我国高压电器可靠性研究的一些看法．     

汽油清净分散剂电控喷射模拟试验装置的建立

根据汽油机喷油器结焦积碳形成机理,建立了一套有效的汽油清净分散剂的评定装置———电控喷射模拟试验装置。该装置通过对喷油器强化加热,控制喷油器的喷油时间间隔,从而强化了喷油器结焦积碳的形成条件,缩短了试验时间。为验证该装置的有效性,选用几种在实验室发动机台架上清净性效果较好的添加剂对其进行了试验验证。同时,通过控制喷油器的加热状况,以模拟汽车试验15/45喷油器环境温度。试验表明,该模拟试验装置对各种添加剂分辨效果明显,重复性好,试验可靠。通过对该模拟试验装置评定结果与试验室台架试验的评定结果的比较可知,两者评定结果趋势一致。     

Glasslike Transitions in Thin Polymer-Melt Films Due to Thickness Constraint

The shear properties of thin films of star and linear polyisoprene (PIP) melts under high pressure were investigated as a function of sliding velocity (shear rate) using the surface forces apparatus. The results were contrasted with their bulk rheological properties; effects of thickness constraint on the shear behavior were discussed. The melts of PIP in bulk exhibit Newtonian-like constant viscosity at least at low shear rates (frequencies), which suggests that individual molecules flow with lateral sliding motion. However, thin films of PIP melts show tribological features involving apparent shear-thinning behavior, indicative of the correlated motions in confined geometries. The shear-property change from bulk rheological behavior to thin-film tribological behavior along with the thickness decrease reflects the physical states and their transitions in the systems; the thickness constraint induces glasslike transitions. Effects of molecular weights and molecular architecture (star-branched or linear) on the shear properties are also discussed.     

绝对码编码器中一种新型的编码方法

提出了码盘式传感器码盘的一种全新的码制——单道码绝对码编码法，即绝对码简码。它是一种单道码编码法，图形简单，制作方便，容易提高精度，将对绝对码编码器的小型化，集成化和绝对式磁编码器的研制提供一种新的思路。     

液环压缩机实验台孔板节流装置的设计

介绍了液环压缩机实验台孔板节流装置的设计。孔板节流装置是测量大型液环压缩机试验台工作参数的重要装置。大型液环压缩机试验台采用转矩转速传感器拾取信号,经转矩转速仪对信号进行处理输出,由压力表测得分离罐中的压力,由节流装置来测得必要的工作参数。     

Determination of interfacial temperatures under extreme pressure conditions

Interfacial temperatures attained in a pin and v-block apparatus under extreme pressure (EP) conditions were measured using pins made from either copper or an aluminum alloy from the asymptotes in the curve of removal rate versus applied load since these have been shown to correspond to the temperatures at which the interfacial material melts. The interfacial temperature rise was proportional to the applied load, where the proportionality constant = A where is the interfacial friction coefficient and A a geometrical constant which has been previously measured for steel pins and v-blocks lubricated by chlorinated hydrocarbons dissolved in a poly -olefin as 2.3 ± 0.3 K/N. Values of A measured when using the aluminum alloy (2.4 ± 0.1) and for copper (2.1 ± 0.2) were in good agreement with this measurement and indicated that interfacial temperatures in excess of 1000 K can be attained during EP lubrication. Finally, the rate of material removal in the pin and v-block apparatus can be related to the metallurgical properties of the pins.     

Comparison of friction measurements using the atomic force microscope and the surface forces apparatus: the issue of scale

Results are presented of lateral force measurements using the atomic force microscope (AFM) and the surface forces apparatus (SFA). Two different probes are used in the AFM measurements; a sharp silicon nitride tip (radius R20 nm) and a glass ball (R15 m). The lateral force is measured between the (silicon nitride or glass) probe and a mica surface which has been coated by a thin lubricant film. In the SFA, a thin lubricant film separates two molecularly smooth mica surfaces (R1 cm) which are slid relative to each other. Perfluoropolyether (PFPE) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) were used as the lubricant films. In the SFA where the contact diameter is largest, the PFPE film shows much lower friction than PDMS. As the size of the probe decreases, the difference in the measured friction decreases. For sharp AFM tips, no clear distinction between the tribological properties of the films can be made. Hence, the measured coefficient of friction varies according to the length scale probed, at least for small dimensions.     

The Boundary Lubrication Properties of Model Esters

The friction of three chemically distinct esters was measured in order to determine how molecular architecture influences friction. The friction coefficients of mica surfaces separated by a thin film (<2 nm) of -chlorodecyl benzoate, -chlorodecyl pentafluoro benzoate, and -chlorodecyl perfluoro hexanoate were measured to be 0.15±0.015, 0.13±0.012, and 0.12±0.02, respectively. The friction coefficients for the esters are lower than the previously measured friction coefficients of simple hydrocarbon liquids such as n-tetradecane (=0.8), but are comparable to the friction coefficients of surfactant monolayer coated surfaces (=0.001–0.2). The results suggest that the ester molecules adsorb onto the mica surface with the (phenyl or hexyl) carbonyl next to the surface and the hydrocarbon tail pointing away from the surface. Hence, the friction is controlled by the packing density and properties of the hydrocarbon tail. Changes in the chemistry and structure of the carboxylic acid portion of the ester only give rise to small changes in the friction coefficient.