Characteristics of recent temperate glacier fluctuations in the Parlung Zangbo River basin,southeast Tibetan Plateau

Little is known about recent variation of temperate glaciers on the Tibetan Plateau, although they are of particular theoretical and practical interests in terms of climate change and water supply. The study of glacier mass balance and terminus variation for six temperate glaciers in the Parlung Zangbo River basin, southeast Tibetan Plateau, shows the facts of the overall negative mass balance and the continued terminus retreat from 2005/2006 to 2007/2008. The mass balances of smaller glaciers were more negative compared to larger glaciers. Referring the trend of glacier mass balance in the Hengduan Mountains, the Himalayas and glacier shrinkage in southeast Tibetan Plateau, the mass loss and recession of temperate glacier in this region are expected if the current climate condition continues.     

Response of Zhadang Glacier runoff in Nam Co Basin,Tibet, to changes in air temperature and precipitation form

This paper describes 2007/2008 inter-annual changes in runoff from the Zhadang Glacier located on the northern slope of Nyainqêntanglha Range, Tibet, and analyzes their causes. Precipitation increased by 17.9% in summer months of 2008 compared with the same period in 2007, drainage basin runoff decreased by 33.3%, and glacial meltwater decreased by 53.8%. Change in positive accumulated air temperature explained approximately half of the inter-annual difference in glacial meltwater using a de-gree-day model. This suggests that the glacier is extremely sensitive to changes in air temperature. Energy balance analysis showed that change in glacier surface albedo, considered to be caused by difference in precipitation form, resulted in the large inter-annual difference in glacial meltwater. It was shown statistically that precipitation form in the summer months of 2007 was mainly rainfall which comprised 71.5% of total precipitation, while during the same period in 2008 rainfall accounted for 30.7%, with the majority of precipitation falling as snow. Precipitation form should be considered an independent factor when analyzing glacier sensitivity to climate change or forecasting the runoff from certain glaciers.     

Thermal difference between the Tibetan Plateau and the plain east of Plateau and its influence on rainfall over China in the summer

There exist thermal differences between the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and the plain east of the TP, and between land and sea in East Asia. The influence of the land-sea thermal contrast on the precipitation in East China has been widely investigated; however, a few studies have paid attention to the role of the TP-plain thermal difference. Thus, using the National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis data and the observation data of China from 1951 t...     

青藏高原嘉黎断裂晚第四纪运动特征

通过野外考察与GPS观测数据的综合分析, 对嘉黎断裂晚第四纪运动特征得到一些新的认识。嘉黎断裂不是整体右旋走滑断层, 其不同构造部位的运动性质和速率具有分段差异特征。以东构造结为界大致分为3段: 东构造结以西为嘉黎断裂西北段, 东构造结顶端易贡?通麦段为嘉黎断裂中段, 东构造结东南部分为嘉黎断裂的东南段。西北段为右旋挤压运动, 走滑速率3.2~5.8 mm/a; 中段弱右旋挤压运动, 走滑速率1.3~2.0 mm/a; 东南段为左旋挤压运动, 走滑速率3.7~4.0 mm/a。     

青藏高原盐湖观测站概述

 盐湖长期观测对资源开发和盐湖学基础研究具有重要意义。介绍了青藏高原3个锂硼盐湖科学观测站的建站背景、已有基础设施、观测设备、研究进展及展望。观测站分别建在青藏高原北部3个重点锂硼盐湖区--扎布耶、当雄错和班戈湖。建立至今,已在3个科学站配备了水化学分析、气象、水文自动观测等相关仪器设备,建成蒸发实验平台。依托3个盐湖观测站,开展了重点盐湖系统连续气象、水文动态变化观测、盐湖型锂硼矿床动态变化研究、盐湖矿物资源提取实验等工作。下一步,需对科学站所积累的大量气象、水文资料进行整理,力争建立可用性好的数据库,实现数据共享。     

基于野外站网络的青藏高原地表过程观测研究

 由于地形地貌的复杂性,国际对青藏高原及其邻近地区的地表过程观测研究持续关注,中国高寒区地表过程与环境观测研究网络也逐渐形成。整合了中国科学院的17个野外观测站,针对中国高寒区特有的大气、冰川、冻土、湖泊、高寒生态系统等地表过程开展长期观测。通过推动建立规范的观测指标体系,逐渐统一观测仪器设施,开展数据集成与共享等,野外站的观测研究能力得到显著提升,产出了一批具有国际影响力的高水平科研成果,如发现青藏高原降水具有西风、季风和二者过渡区3大模态等,为区域经济社会发展的决策提供了科学依据。未来,野外观测站会统筹长期观测与有限目标的关系,建设高寒网科学数据平台,更好地服务和支撑国家重大科技任务和战略需求。     

青藏高原湖泊沉积记录与环境变化研究

 过去全球变化研究是人类认识气候与环境变化事实与规律,客观评价现代环境在气候与环境发展历史中位置的重要手段,能够为未来气候与环境变化的预测提供科学的检验工具。介绍了湖泊沉积物环境代用指标与气候要素关系定量化的研究,简要回顾利用湖泊沉积物重建高原最近2万年环境变化历史研究成果,阐述高原湖泊沉积对气候变化的敏感响应。     

柴达木盆地成盐期与青藏高原第四纪冰期及构造运动阶段的相关性

 柴达木盆地沉积有巨厚的晚新生代沉积物和丰富的矿产资源,是研究晚新生代以来气候与环境变化、构造运动与盆地演化、成盐成矿规律的理想地区。通过对柴达木盆地钻孔和剖面的含盐地层测年数据进行总结,并与青藏高原第四纪冰川活动和构造运动进行对比,认为柴达木盆地成盐期与青藏高原第四纪冰期及构造运动阶段具有一定的对应关系。柴达木盆地西部盐湖和干盐湖中通常发育有倒数第二次冰期及末次冰期的石盐层,某些盐湖中还有希夏邦玛冰期、望昆冰期、中梁赣冰期的石盐层;迄今为止在柴达木盆地东部的察尔汗盐湖区中仅发现末次冰期以来的石盐层。冰期环境下的干冷气候及冰川扩张,造成盐湖补给水源的减少,有利于盐类物质的沉积。     

青藏高原的自然环境特征

 本文基于1950年代至今青藏高原综合考察和研究成果,系统总结了青藏高原自然环境的主要特征。青藏高原是中国三大自然阶梯中最高一级,平均海拔超过4000 m,被称为“世界屋脊”。青藏高原土地辽阔,总面积约为250万km²,占中国陆地总面积的1/4。自新近纪以来强烈的隆升,使青藏高原自然环境明显区别于其他地区,形成了自己鲜明的特征,主要表现为海拔高、温度低、辐射强、河湖众多、冰川冻土广布、生物多样性丰富。青藏高原面积广大,高原内部的自然环境差异显著,并具有明显的区域分异特征,根据拟订的原则、方法和指标,青藏高原可划分为10个各具特色的自然区,包括：果洛那曲高原山地高寒灌丛草甸区、青南高原宽谷高寒草甸草原区、羌塘高原湖盆高寒草原区、昆仑高山高原高寒荒漠区、川西藏东高山峡谷针叶林区、青东祁连高山盆地针叶林草原区、藏南高山谷地灌丛草原区、柴达木盆地荒漠区、昆仑山北翼山地荒漠区、阿里山地荒漠区。     

西藏班中职生英语学习动机研究

采用《中学生英语学习动机调查问卷》对西藏班中职生的英语学习动机进行调查。结果表明:(1)内部动机总体上高于外部动机,说明其英语学习的动机结构较为合理。内部动机各因子按得分高低依次为自我完善、责任心、兴趣、成就感、寻求学习机会,外部动机各因子按得分高低依次为功用价值、奖励或惩罚、群体态度、压力;(2)英语学习动机存在显著年级差异,年级与有关因子间呈动态关系,成就感随年级升高而下降,责任心、压力随年级升高而增大;(3)英语学习动机存在显著性别差异,女生高于男生;(4)英语学习动机存在显著水平差异,英语成绩好的学生在成就感、完善自我、寻求学习机会、功用价值等方面有较强表现。