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91.
Jeannette Aumo Johanna Lilja Päivi Mäki-Arvela Tapio Salmi Mats Sundell Hanna Vainio Dmitry Yu. Murzin 《Catalysis Letters》2002,84(3-4):219-224
A polymer-supported Pd catalyst was investigated in hydrogenation of citral (3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal), which is a stereoisomer with an isolated and a conjugated double bond as well as a carbonyl group. The catalyst was a fibrous polymer-supported catalyst modified with functional groups and immobilized metals. A comparison of the polymer-supported catalyst with conventional catalysts was made. 相似文献
92.
Thomas Bürgi Fachri Atamny Axel Knop‐Gericke Michael Hävecker Thomas Schedel‐Niedrig Robert Schlögl Alfons Baiker 《Catalysis Letters》2000,66(3):109-112
The adsorption of ethyl pyruvate on Pt(111) has been studied by in situ XANES measurements in the presence and absence of
hydrogen. Depending on the hydrogen and ethyl pyruvate pressure, the C and O K‐edge spectra exhibit distinctly different angular
dependence. Without hydrogen ethyl pyruvate is oriented preferentially perpendicular to the surface, indicating bonding via
the O lone pairs. In the presence of hydrogen the mean orientation is more tilted towards the surface. Likely, ethyl pyruvate
also interacts with Pt via its π system under these conditions. The observed angle‐dependent shift of the energy of the π*
and σ* resonances indicates the coexistence of differently adsorbed ethyl pyruvate species. The experimental findings demonstrate
the importance of the in situ approach for unraveling the adsorption mode of ethyl pyruvate in the enantioselective hydrogenation
over cinchona‐alkaloid‐modified Pt.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
93.
Häfliger P Agorastos N Spingler B Georgiev O Viola G Alberto R 《Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology》2005,6(2):414-421
The potential of certain Auger electron emitting nuclides for systemic radiotherapeutic applications has recently gained much attention. In particular, the ability of several nuclides, including 111In, 125I, and 123I, to induce DNA double-strand breaks (dsb), a good indicator of cytotoxicity, has been extensively studied. However, this ability has never previously been shown experimentally for 99mTc, which, besides the well-known gamma radiation that is used for diagnostic applications, also emits an average of 1.1 conversion electrons and 4 Auger or Coster-Kronig electrons per decay. Owing to the short range of Auger electrons, the radionuclide needs to be located very close to the DNA for dsb to occur. We synthesized two cationic 99mTcI-tricarbonyl complexes with pendant DNA binders, pyrene and anthraquinone. The X-ray crystal structures of the two complexes could be elucidated. Linear dichroism and UV/Vis spectroscopy revealed that the complex with pyrene intercalates DNA with a stability constant, K, of 1.1 x 10(6) M(-1), while the analogous complex with anthraquinone interacts with DNA in a groove-binding mode and has an affinity value of K=8.9 x 10(4) M(-1). We showed with phiX174 double-stranded DNA that the corresponding 99mTc complexes induce a significant amount of dsb, whereas non-DNA-binding [TcO4]- and nonradioactive Re compounds did not. These results indicate that the Auger electron emitter 99mTc can induce dsb in DNA when decaying in its direct vicinity and this implies potential for systemic radiotherapy with 99mTc complexes. 相似文献
94.
Wey Yang Teoh Frans Denny Rose Amal Donia Friedmann Lutz Mädler Sotiris E. Pratsinis 《Topics in Catalysis》2007,44(4):489-497
A comparative photocatalytic analysis was carried out on TiO2 made in a Flame Spray Pyrolysis (FSP) process and flame-made Degussa P25. Both have similar crystallinity, phase composition,
phase segregation and a non-porous surface. Hence comparison was made based on their difference in specific surface area,
organic adsorption and the amount of OH• generated upon illumination. The photocatalytic activity tests were carried out using
the following series of organic compounds: sucrose, glucose, fructose, maleic acid, glyoxylic acid, oxalic acid, isobutyric
acid, phenol and methanol. FSP-made TiO2 outperformed P25 for saccharides mineralisation, while for phenol and methanol mineralisation P25 was better than FSP-made
TiO2. Similar mineralisation rates were observed for both FSP-made and P25 TiO2 for the mineralisation of carboxylic acids. This shows that the relative performance of the photocatalysts depends on the
type of organic compounds to be degraded. The high surface area and possibly a more efficient interfacial charge transfer
of FSP-made TiO2 provided an efficient pathway for saccharides mineralisation. As for phenol and methanol, the mineralisation rates were higher
when using P25 due to the greater amount of OH• radicals generated by this photocatalyst. The fast mineralisation rates of
carboxylic acids made degradation of these organic compounds to be less affected by the TiO2 photocatalyst properties and conditions tested in this work. 相似文献
95.
Yang Qin Frieder Jäkle 《Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials》2007,17(1):149-157
The binding of Lewis bases to organoboron polymeric Lewis acids has been studied and the parameters that determine the complexation
equilibrium have been investigated, which include (i) the strength of the individual Lewis acids and Lewis bases, (ii) concentration,
and (iii) temperature. While the strongly Lewis acidic borane polymers poly(4-bis(pentafluorophenyl)borylstyrene) (PS-BPf) and poly(4-(di-2-thienylboryl)styrene) (PS-BTh) form isolable complexes with strong Lewis bases such as 4-t-butylpyridine (tPy), a temperature dependent equilibrium is established with weaker bases such as THF. Similarly, the weakly Lewis acidic
boronate polymer poly(4-diethoxyborylstyrene) (PS-BOEt) undergoes a temperature dependent equilibrium with the strong Lewis base 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), while poly(4-pinacolatoborylstyrene)
(PS-BPin) does not significantly bind to pyridine bases. Decomplexation of PS-BTh·
t
Py is achieved by treatment with the stronger Lewis acid, B(C6F5)3, thereby confirming the reversible nature of the polymeric Lewis acid–base adducts.
This paper is dedicated to Professor Ian Manners in gratitude of his guidance throughout the years and recognition of his
scientific accomplishments 相似文献
96.
In this study, we explored how stereoscopic depth affects performance and user experience in a mobile device with an autostereoscopic touch display. Participants conducted a visual search task with an image gallery application on three layouts with different depth ranges. The task completion times were recorded, and the participants were asked to rate their experiences. The results revealed that the image search times were facilitated by a mild depth effect and that too great a depth slowed search times and decreased user-experience ratings. 相似文献
97.
Engagement in virtual worlds has become pervasive, particularly among the young. At the same time, the number of virtual environments has increased rapidly. Due to intensifying competition, promoting sustained usage, i.e. continuance, has become a top priority for virtual world operators. Prior research has shown that network externalities play a key role in the adoption of communication technologies. However, a small amount of research has examined the role of network externalities in continued IT usage in general or with respect to the virtual world participation in particular. To fill in this gap, we examine how perceived network externalities affect the continuance of social virtual worlds. To this end, we introduce the concept of perceived aggregate network exposure (PANE). We extend the original information systems (IS) continuance model with perceived enjoyment and position PANE as a moderator. We test the model with data collected from 2134 Finnish Habbo Hotel users and employ structural equation modelling in the analysis. The results demonstrate that PANE moderates the influence of motivational factors on continued use intention and satisfaction. 相似文献
98.
Wolfgang Knoll Mieko Matsuzawa Andreas Offenhäusser Jürgen Rühe 《Israel journal of chemistry》1996,36(4):357-369
Various strategies are described for the bio-functionalization of solid substrates by design of interfacial architectures. The first approach is based on the self-assembly process of long-chain thiol molecules from solution to a (noble) metal surface. If some of these building blocks carry a binding site (ligand) for proteins (receptors, antibodies, etc.) the metal surface can be tailored for maximum specific binding while simultaneously minimizing nonspecific adsorption. The second concept is based on polymers that are covalently attached to (oxide) surfaces. The preparation of these (end-) grafted functional polymers involves either the binding of preformed macromolecules to corresponding sites at the surface of the support or the recently introduced “grafting-from” method, by which an initiator molecule is first covalently bound to the surface and then activated — either by heat or light — in the presence of suitable monomer units such that a polymer chain grows from the solid/solution interface. Finally, the functionalization of patterned surfaces by peptide chains that mimic the binding domains of cell adhesion proteins is summarized. It is demonstrated that not only the selective adhesion of neuronal cells can then be controlled, but also their development with the outgrowth of dendrites and axons. 相似文献
99.
The applications of membrane separation within the bioconversion of lignocellulosic materials to ethanol are studied, and this paper reports on cellulolytic enzyme recovery, and reduction of the product inhibition. The conversion of cellulose and hemicellulose to hexoses and pentoses is carried out in a laboratory scale UF-membrane reactor, and the sugars, which have an inhibiting effect on the enzymes, are continuously removed with the permeate. By optimizing the space velocity, the enzyme inhibition is minimized and the rate of hydrolysis is significantly increased.The recovery of the enzymes has also been investigated with regard to their mechanical stability and adsorption on the substrate. Prior to enzymatic hydrolysis, the raw material is subjected to a pretreatment to make the cellulose more accessible to the enzymes, and the effect of the pretreatment can easily be evaluated in the UF-membrane reactor.As a result of the continuous removal of products formed in the hydrolysis, the permeate has a low content of fermentable sugars, and to give the optimal conditions for the fermentation a concentration step is needed. Different RO-membranes are tested in a laboratory scale batch cell to be able to choose a membrane material, fit for filtration in larger modules. 相似文献
100.
Kolli T. Rahkamaa-Tolonen K. Lassi U. Savimäki A. Keiski R. L. 《Topics in Catalysis》2004,30(1-4):341-346
Topics in Catalysis - The interaction of CO, C2H4, O2, and NO reaction gas compounds over the metallic Pd/Al2O3 and Pd/OSC/Al2O3 monoliths was investigated in order to understand the behaviour of... 相似文献