IoT-Based Operational Information Management for Built Landscape Projects: From Vacancy to Approaches

With the rapid advance of digital technology under the fourth industrial revolution, digital landscape and smart landscape architecture have gradually become the research hot spots in design professions. The Internet of Things (IoT), as an emerging digital tool, has shown great potential to assist operational information modeling for built landscape projects. This article, focusing on the post-operation for built projects, deliberates IoT-based approaches to operational information management (OIM) through vacancy analysis and literature review. It first argues that OIM’s main goals are performance evaluation and refined management, and points out the absence of effective monitoring tools for ecological performance and dynamic modeling tools for data storage, analysis, and visualization. Combing with existing cases, it also demonstrates and summarizes the methods for IoTbased ecological performance monitoring and dynamic information modeling, as well as the principles for related application. In addition, landscape architects and project managers should pay attention to emerging research trends of IoT technology, and more importantly, emphasize authentic application scenarios to avoid blind practice. As for the future of Landscape Architecture, this article attempts to reveal the profession development trajectory that technological upgrade leads to demand upgrade, which will also bring about changes in landscape architects’ contemporary mission and the methods for talent training, and about the innovations of landscape design and research tools.     

Research on the Spatial–Temporal Changes of Regional Morphology of Residential Neighborhoods in County-Level Cities of China: Cases Studies on Qingcheng County,Wu’an City,Changxing County,Lianjiang County,and Jintang County

The extensive growth in most Chinese cities at the expense of local identities of living settlement. Taking the 60 residential neighborhoods in county-level cities of varied climate zones in China as examples, this paper explores their spatial–temporal changes and differences in morphology, based on 12 morphological indicators through Principal Component Analysis and correlation analysis by ArcGIS 10.2, SPSS 22, and Origin 2021. The results show that 1) the construction dating of the 60 sample neighborhoods conforms to the development of China’s housing reform; 2) the spatial morphology of residential neighborhoods in county-level cities of different climate zones could be charaterized by 5 factors, i.e. neighborhood shape, development intensity, neighborhood size, layout order, and aggregation degree; 3) the disparities in the spatial morphology of residential neighborhoods in the same climate zone in different period of time are mostly indicated with 3 morphological indicators, i.e. Building Density, Neighborhood Area, and Green Space Ratio; rather, the morphology of residential neighborhoods built during a same period of time varies largely between climate zones, mainly indicated with Green Space Ratio, Degree of Building Angle Disorder, and Degree of Building Distance Disorder; and 4) China’s housing policies, climatic conditions, residential building patterns, and the urbanization of each city together influence the spatial–temporal changes in the spatial morphology, offering references to policy making, planning, and construction to protect the regional characteristics in the future.     

长三角地区县域中小城市空间形态对碳排放效率影响研究

城市空间形态与碳排放效率存在密 切联系,探究两者间关系可以为县域中小城市 低碳发展提供指引,并为实现高质量发展提 供新参考。文章在大城市碳排放效率评价研 究的基础上结合县域中小城市特征,进行碳 排放效率评价指标选取及模型构建,通过建 立面板数据模型对2005—2020年间长三角 地区县域中小城市空间形态对碳排放效率影 响进行了实证研究,并分析了城市空间形态 对碳排放效率的影响机理。结果表明：城市 空间形态紧凑度、复杂度及破碎化程度与碳 排放效率密切相关;紧凑程度的提高对碳排 放经济效率具有促进作用,复杂程度和破碎 化程度的下降会对碳排放经济效率和碳排放 社会效率产生积极影响。总体而言,城市空间 形态主要通过影响交通碳排放进而对碳排 放效率产生影响,交通碳排放水平是长三角 地区县域中小城市碳排放经济效率和碳排放社会效率的首要影响因素。结合研究结论,本文提出强化结构性填充式开发以及调整空间组织 模式等策略,以期助力县域中小城市低碳发展。     

天然气管道工程计算集成应用平台开发

针对天然气管道工程计算涉及专业广、内容庞杂、分析过程繁琐、应用层次多等难点,遵循现代天然气管道工程分析理论和方法,依据国内外现行规范和标准,结合各层次工程技术和管理人员的应用需求和特点,充分利用最新的计算机、网络、通信技术和智能移动设备,采用先进的系统集成和开发技术,实现了天然气管道工程分析方法的集成,形成了一套跨平台、跨专业、跨系统的天然气管道工程计算集成应用软件系统,搭建了针对不同系统的天然气管道工程计算集成应用平台,开发出了天然气管道专业Office工作系统,囊括了天然气管道工艺分析、工程计算、数据处理等多种应用工具。实例应用结果表明：该集成应用平台以工程师们习惯的方式进行工作并且提供相应的操作功能,为天然气管道系统的中心调度、日常管理和现场操作等各级、各层次专业技术人员提供了通用便捷的工具,且无须二次开发,提高了工作质量和效率;同时也为相关各级技术和管理人员提供了统一、全面的技术支持、工艺分析手段及交流平台,能有效促进团队协同以及各种资源、数据和结果的共享与协调。