山西一次低空偏东风暴雪天气结构特征分析

应用常规地面、探空观测资料和NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料,对2011年11月28-29日山西低空偏东风暴雪天气结构特征进行了探讨。结果表明:(1)这次低空偏东风暴雪是由高空西风槽、低空切变线、地面回流和倒槽共同影响造成。降雪前约18 h,山西925~850 hPa上空出现东北风;降雪前约12 h,山西中南部地面出现较强东北风,强降雪期间地面东北风强劲;降水开始前,低空东北风是干冷性质,降水开始后低空东北风是湿冷垫。(2)暴雪的水汽来源主要是源于西太平洋的偏东风水汽输送在北部湾附近转向的西南水汽与南支槽前的西南气流在西南地区汇合北上,再与西风槽前西南水汽结合;强降雪出现在700 hPa水汽通量中心西北侧等值线密集区且风向气旋性辐合的偏南气流区域。(3)强降雪伴随山西上空深厚湿层、500 hPa以下明显水汽辐合,以及800 hPa以上对流层中强上升气流,而上升区下是明显的下沉气流,这是由低空偏东风的契入产生的。(4)强降雪期间300 hPa西风急流不断东移南压,山西位于其入口区右侧,出现强辐散,有利于地面河套倒槽发展、维持,以及垂直上升运动的增强。     

Biodiversity and community structural characteristics of macrobenthos in the Chukchi Sea

Field sampling of the macrobenthos from 23 stations in the Chukchi Sea was conducted during the 4th CHINARE(Chinese National Arctic Research Expeditions, July–August, 2010). We identified a total of 140 species of macrozoobenthos belonging to nine phyla, which were dominated by polychaetes(66), crustaceans(30), and mollusks(25), followed by echinoderms(9) and others(ten others, including four cnidarians, one oligochaete, one sipuncula, one priapulida, two bryozoans, and one urochordata). The dominant species were Aphelochaeta pacifica, Heteromastus filiformis, Nephtys ciliata, Nephtys caeca, Scoletoma fragilis, Golfingia margaritacea, Nuculana pernula, Macoma calcarea, Ennucula tenuis, Macoma inquinata, Musculus discors, Echinarachnius parma, and Ophiura sarsii, so there were more cold-eurythermal boreal immigrants than truly Arctic species(endemics). The average density and biomass(mean ± SD across all stations) of the total macrozoobenthos were(916 ± 907) ind/m2 and(902.9 ± 1 227.7) g/m2(wet weight), respectively. Relatively high density and biomass were observed in the samples from the northeastern and southern Chukchi Sea. The spatial variation of benthic communities in the study sea area was relatively large; this spatial heterogeneity has led to high diversity and a patchy distribution pattern in the community structure. Compared to the 1st CHINARE( July–August, 1999), this investigation revealed different degrees of decreases in the average taxa numbers and the average density, abundance, and biodiversity in the area over the recent decade, which might be associated with global warming, human activities, and sea ice variations.     

钓鱼岛隆褶带物质构成及东海西湖凹陷原型盆地东边界再认识

古近系原型盆地的恢复是关乎西湖凹陷主要勘探层系花港组和平湖组沉积体系和成藏地质研究的关键问题,对西湖凹陷东缘钓鱼岛隆褶带构造演化的合理认识是解决古近纪原型盆地难题的钥匙.受限于研究区薄弱的资料基础,创新性地通过重、磁、震资料综合分析以获取地质认识上的突破.研究表明钓鱼岛隆褶带早期为"东海陆架外缘隆起"的一部分,后期经历了强烈的岩浆增生改造.在结构上,隆褶带内T20界面之下主要由古老变质基底、岩浆岩体和残余洼陷充填层构成.隆褶带内的残余洼陷及地层具有北东向、雁列式分布的特征,这些地层主要为渐新世岩浆增生改造前沉积的始新统平湖组,局部为渐新统花港组,是古近系西湖凹陷原型盆地东缘残留的一部分.西湖凹陷古近系原型盆地东边界位于现今的钓鱼岛隆褶带范围内,为北东向雁列式分布的断裂,断裂之间存在不同类型的变换过渡.在钓鱼岛隆褶带岩浆增生过程中,岩体顺边界断裂上涌,"淹没"了原型盆地边界,原型盆地东缘地层经受了大规模隆升剥蚀,原有的构造面貌和形态发生了极大的变化.      

再议绿洲－沙漠过渡带——以策勒绿洲－沙漠过渡带为例

 被长期质疑的绿洲－荒漠过渡带在不断观测和丰富积累的基础上让我们有了一个完整的认识。以策勒绿洲为例对其进行剖析,作为绿洲－荒漠过渡带的一种典型类型,绿洲－沙漠过渡带可以界定为自绿洲边缘（人工防护体系或天然稀疏灌木林边界）到植被盖度为20%～25%的固定－半固定沙地为外缘边界（绿洲与流动沙漠之间）的荒漠地带。过渡带的内缘边界为绿洲外缘的人工防护体系,包括防风阻沙林带或天然稀疏灌木林。过渡带形成是因为从绿洲到外部荒漠存在水热环境因子的梯度变化,导致植被、土壤、地貌等综合景观展现出过渡特征,其组成与结构模式为：由绿洲向沙漠方向,稀疏灌木林（或边缘防护林体系）地－缓起伏灌草沉沙地－起伏灌丛沙堆和高起伏灌丛沙堆地。过渡带是乡土动植物重要的保留与保护地,是绿洲与沙漠间能流物流输送交换的缓冲带、绿洲的天然生态屏障,对地貌、土壤以及植被具有保护功能,且具有重要的固碳作用。     

理想模拟的温带气旋中冷暖输送带特征分析

本文利用WRF理想斜压波模式模拟了理想湿大气中温带气旋的快速发展过程,采用拉格朗日轨迹筛选方法识别了气旋内部冷、暖输送带结构,分析了沿着输送带轨迹的物理量演变特征,探究了输送带气流对气旋降水结构的影响.本文在再现前人研究结论的基础上,发现了更精细的输送带结构特征,尤其是对冷输送带特征有了进一步认识.研究表明,根据相对气...     

基于空间约束和结构特征的光学与SAR影像配准

针对光学和合成孔径雷达(synthetic aperture radar,SAR)影像间的几何形变和辐射差异造成的配准困难问题,提出一种基于空间几何约束和结构特征的光学影像与SAR影像自动配准方法.首先,利用分块的Harris算子在输入影像上提取分布均匀的特征点,根据有理函数模型对输入影像进行局部几何纠正,实现输入影像...     

粤东沿海冬季海陆风过程的观测和数值研究

利用各种气象观测资料,研究了2010年1月28日和1月30日发生在粤东地区的两次海陆风生消的演变特征和环流背景,并通过数值模拟揭示了海陆风环流的结构特征。主要结论有:(1)两次海陆风出现时,粤东分别位于冷高压底部和入海高压后部,境内为均压场,后期随着冷高压南压或低压倒槽东移,粤东转受偏北风或偏南风控制,海陆风特点消失;(2)陆1风环流盛行时高空存在返回气流,没有贴地逆温,但在风向切变区域有逆温出现,海风环流高空无明显返回气流,无逆温出现;(3)高分辨率的模拟结果揭示,处于高压后部的海风环流在持续时间、垂直厚度和水平范围上都比高压底部的海风环流强。     

湖南新化地区煤变形变质与构造环境特征

采用煤质化验、XRD、SEM等测试手段,分析煤的化学组分、结构特征、显微构造等特征,结合古应力估算值、古温度和应变速率等结果,探讨了湖南新化地区煤变形变质特征与构造环境的关系。结果表明:煤样的d₀₀₂值为3.36~3.39 nm,受天龙山构造挤压的局部应力场及叠加岩浆构造热的作用,煤逐渐转变为隐晶质石墨,结晶颗粒是由细小的鳞片组成的集合体,粒径集中在50~250 nm;石墨3R型含量随着煤化程度升高,石墨晶体开始增加,Rh相的数量减少;构造变形环境属于低温低围压高应变速率的浅层脆性-韧脆性构造域;天龙山岩体提供了构造热源,侧向挤压应力使寒婆坳向斜煤大分子结构有序化,层面间距减小,形成隐晶质石墨。      

黄土震陷研究及相关问题探讨

The research and achievements made on seismic subsidence of loess, obtained over the past 30 years, were reviewed. Seismic Subsidence of Loess （SSL） has been verified by microstructure characteristics, dynamic triaxial experiments, and in-situ explosion tests, and has become an important subject in the field of seismic loess engineering research. While, the research is still in the stage of theoretical study of saturated soil, and there are no representative cases of seismic subsidence of loess in historical earthquakes. It is difficult to express structure characteristics using microstructure morphology. While, soil mechanics are available methods for this. Seismic subsidence judgment is absolute in some certain value ranges for several parameters. Therefore, probabilistic judgment should be developed. The seismic subsidence ratio is estimated mostly by empirical formulas or semi- empirical and semi-theoretical formulas, which are based on laboratory data. These formulas are not established on the basis of physical process and mechanics of seismic subsidence, and this leads to more variables, complicated computation, and poor practicability. To solve these problems, we need to distinguish the main factors and corresponding variables, to establish a mechanics model for seismic subsidence estimation, and to characterize its physio-mechanical process. The key of anti-seismic subsidence treatment is to reduce the seismic subsidence property of soils, and to lower the interaction between the soil body and underground structures.     

对“黄土的构度指标及其确定方法”讨论的答复

"黄土的构度指标及其确定方法[1]"一文发表于《岩土力学》2010年第1期,以下简称"原文"。现就焦五一先生对原文的讨论(以下简称"讨论稿")答复如下。