302铀矿床热液脉体的垂直分带及其成因探讨

302铀矿床是一个垂幅大、垂直分带较完整的花岗岩型铀矿床。研究结果表明,热液脉体在垂向上表现出“上酸下碱、上氧化下还原”的分带性。这一垂直分带的主要原因是热液的混合和沸腾作用。     

302铀矿床石英萤石和方解石的热释光的垂直分带

302铀矿床是一个大型的隐伏花岗岩型铀矿床。矿床不同垂深部位产出的石英、萤石和方解石的矿物热释光研究结果表明,这些矿物的人工热释光(ATL)性质在矿床垂向上有明显的反映。矿床上部的石英的ATL发光曲线上只有一个单峰,而矿床下部则可出现有2—3个峰。矿床上部的石英、萤石和方解石的ATL发光强度相对较小,陷阱类型较少,陷阱深度较浅,而矿床下部的情况刚好相反。石英、萤石和方解石的人工热释光性质可以作为划分铀矿床垂直分带的良好标志。     

Kinetic Modeling of Diagenesis of Eogene Lacustrine Sandstone Reservoirs in the Jianghan Basin,Southeastern China

In the Tuoshi oilfield,located in the Cenozoic Jianghan Basin of southeastern China ,there have been found hydrocarbon reservoirs hosted in lacustrine sandstones of the Eogene Xingouzui Formation.The main diagenetic features identified in these sandstones include the dissolution of detrital K-feldspar and albite grains,the precipitation of quartz as overgrowths and /or cements ,and the precipitation and /or transformation of clay minerals.These diagenetic features were interpreted to have occurred in early,intermediate and late stages,based on the burial depth.The kinetics of fluid-mineral reactions and the concentrations of aqueous species au each stage of diagenesis were simulated numerically for these lacustrine sandstones,using a quasi-sta-tionary state approximation that incorporates simultaneous chemical reactions in a time-space continuum.During the early diagenetic stage,pore fluid was weakly acidic,which resulted in dissolution of K-feldspar and albite and,therefore,led to the release of K^ ,Na^ ,Al^3 and SiO2(aq) into the diagenetic fluid.The increased K^ ,Na^ ,Al^3 and SiO2(aq) concentrations in the diagenetic fluid caused the precipitation of quartz,kaolinite and illite.At the beginning of the intermediate diagenetic stage the concentration of H^ was built up due to the decomposition of organic matter,which was responsible for further dissolution of K-feldspar and albite and pre-cipitation of quartz,kaolinite,and illite.During the late diagenetic stage,the pore fluid was weakly alkaline,K-feldspar became stable and was precipitated with quartz and clay minerals.When the burial depth was greater than 3000 m,the pore fluids became supersaturated with respect to allbite,but undersaturated with respect to quartz,resulting in the precipitation of albite and the dissolution of quartz.The diagenetic reactions forecasted in the numerical modeling closely matched the diagenet-ic features identified by petrographic examination, and therefore,can help us to gain a better understanding of the diagenetic processes and associated porosity evolution in sandstone reservoirs.     

城市生态地球化学评价的盖子模型

分析了城市生态地球化学评价的特点.建立了城市生态地球化学评价的盖子模型.按照盖子的阻隔效应,将城市生态地球化学评价分为盖上循环、盖下库内循环和盖子网眼及边缘的库内外开放性循环三大部分内容.城市化进程就是盖子的扩张与修补过程.按盖子模型进行的城市生态地球化学评价有利于预测和防治城市生态地球化学灾害,为城市规划、建设和管理服务.     

Eco-Environmental Geochemistry of Heavy Metal Pollution in Dexing Mining Area

An eco-environmental geochemical investigation was carried out in and around the Dexing mining area to determine the concentrations of heavy metals in the surface water, sediments, soils and plants. The main objective of this study is to assess the environmental situation and evaluate the transferring of heavy metals from mining activities into the food chain. Some samples of water, sediment, topsoil and plant were collected along the Lean River in the Dexing mining area. The total concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, and As were determined by AAS, and Hg was analyzed by cold-vapor AAS. Some indices such as ‘contamination degree‘ , ‘geoaccumulation index‘ , and ‘biological absorption coefficient‘ were used to assess eco-environmental quality. The investigation indicated a highly localized distribution pattern closely associated with the two pollution sources along the Le‘an River bank: one is strong acidity and a large amount of Cu in the drainage from the Dexing Cu mining area; and the other is the high concentrations of Pb and Zn in the effluents released from many smelters and mining, processing and extracting activities in the riparian zone. Results from the investigated localities indicated, at least in part, that some problems associated with environmental quality deterioration should be solved in the future.     

基于地球化学基线的土壤重金属污染潜在生态风险评价

地球化学基线是区分地球化学背景和异常的重要参数。在采集和测试德兴地区约5000km^2面积的479个表层土壤样品基础上，采用标准化方法确定了样品中Cu，Pb，Zn，Cd，Cr，As和Hg等7种重金属元素的基线值，并以基线作为潜在生态风险评价的参比值，对德兴地区土壤重金属污染进行潜在生态风险评价。结果表明：研究区可划分为3个潜在生态风险等级：轻微生态风险、中等生态风险和强生态风险，强生态风险区主要分布在德兴铜矿和钟家山煤矿等矿业活动区附近。其他大部分地区为轻微生态风险区。     

中基性脉岩对金矿成矿的贡献：以小秦岭金矿区为例

文章以小秦岭金属区为例，研究了中基性脉岩与金矿床成因的关系。研究表明，中其性脉岩的产出反映了区域性地壳拉张构造环境，此环境有利于构成富矿化剂的热液体系。只有当富矿化剂的热液体系在时间和空间上与金等成矿元素的矿源层（体）配合得当，才可能在适宜的地质地球化学条件下形成相应的矿床。即中基性脉岩对金成矿的制约关系主要在于矿化剂而非金源。     

成都市土壤质量的模糊综合评价

土壤是一个开放体系,尤其城市的土壤污染来源更为广泛,而在土壤的质量评价中,常涉及到大量的复杂现象和多种因素的相互作用,且存在大量的模糊现象和模糊概念。针对这一情况,在成都城区168个土壤样品进行调查和实测后,对主要影响土壤质量的六种重金属污染进行分析,并且在环境地球化学原理的基础上,根据土壤污染分级标准建立了土壤质量的综合评判模型,同时给出了六种重金属的隶属函数。最后在对成都六个城区土壤样本的综合评判中,准确地得出了各城区的土壤污染程度及污染类别。     

土壤中核素的物探化探分析与监测

通过对土壤放射性调查可以掌握土壤中放射性元素的分布,也可以为环境放射性影响评价提供依据。这些工作对于城市而言,可以保障人们的生活和环境安全。而对于核设施则帮助制定退役、去污策略,以防止放射性污染物向环境迁移,危害环境安全。综述土壤放射性污染水平监测方法,其中取样方法涉及了取样工具要求、分层采样的方法。污染物分析监测方法则具体阐述了用中子活化分析方法研究土壤中的微量元素含量、如何监测土壤特性的方法。