Experimental and numerical study on reinforcement effect of plate anchors or flip anchors on model slopes

Flip anchors are a kind of ground anchor that rotate and open in the ground to attain pull-out resistance without the use of grout. Compared to ordinary grouted ground anchors, flip anchors can be driven into the existing ground quickly and are suitable for the emergency reinforcement of slopes. However, little research has been done on the slope reinforcement effect of flip anchors. In this paper, experiments on a model slope reinforced by plate anchors or flip anchors were conducted. During the experiments, vertical loading with a rigid loading plate was applied to the shoulder of the model slope to investigate its stability. Experiments were firstly conducted with and without model plate anchors under a plane strain condition. Then, experiments were conducted using actual flip anchors under a three-dimensional condition. In these experiments, the depth of the anchor plates, h, and the installation state of the anchor heads of the flip anchors (open or closed anchor head condition) were varied. After the experiments, corresponding numerical simulations (FEM) were conducted, and a subloading t_ij model was applied to describe the soil behaviour. The numerical method used in this research successfully reproduced the reinforcing effect of the flip anchors. According to the test and calculated results, compared with the cases without reinforcement and with plate anchors, the effectiveness of the flip anchors for slope stability was verified. Moreover, the flip anchors installed under the closed anchor head condition required a larger displacement to produce a reinforcing effect than the anchors installed under the open anchor head condition.     

应对海平面上升问题的城市土地利用格局 脆弱性多情景模拟评估及应对策略

全球气候变化引发的海平面上升对沿海区域的环境和社会经济发展造成巨大破坏。以珠三角广州南沙为研究区域,基于传统、自然增长和规划控制3种土地利用格局预设发展情景,采用PLUS(Patch-generating Land Use Simulation Model)模型模拟各情景下的未来土地利用格局。同时,针对近期(2030年)、中期(2050年)和远期(2100年)3种不同海平面上升叠加风暴潮风险下的土地利用格局脆弱性开展多情景定量化评估,并提出应对策略。结果显示：1)3种土地利用格局发展情景中,传统格局情景能够最有效地应对或缓解海平面上升和风暴潮灾害风险,而自然增长情景应对未来海岸灾害的能力最弱;2)从不同土地利用类型的脆弱性程度来看,城镇建设用地的综合脆弱性最高,而村庄建设用地的综合脆弱性最低;3)根据不同发展情景及灾害风险应采用综合防御、适应及撤退等多种应对策略。综合考虑了未来土地利用格局的多种变化情景、灾害风险及应对策略,能够为滨海城市应对未来海岸灾害的适应性规划提供决策参考。     

Prediction and Analysis of O3 Based on the ARIMA Model

Despite of the small amount in the atmosphere, ozone is one of the most critical atmospheric component as it protects human beings and any other life on the earth from the sun''s high frequency ultraviolet radiation. In recent decades, the global ozone depletion caused by human activities is well known and produces an "ozone hole", the most direct consequence of which is the increase in ultraviolet radiation, which will affect human survival, climatic environment, ecological environment and other important adverse impacts. Due to the implementation of the Montreal protocol and other agreement, the total amount of ozone depleting substance in the atmosphere has been prominent reduced, which will lead to a new round of regional climate change. Therefore, predicting the changes of the total ozone in the future will have an important guiding significance for predicting the future climate change and making reasonable measures to deal with the climate change. In this paper, based on the ozone data of 1979 to 2016 in the southern hemisphere and ARIMA model algorithm, using time series analysis, we obtain prediction effect of ARIMA model is good by Ljung-Box Q-test and , and the model can be used to predict the future ozone change. With the help of SPSS software, the future trend of the total ozone can be predicted in the future 50 years. Based on the above experiment results, the global ozone change in the future 50 years can be forecasted, namely the atmospheric ozone layer will return to its 1980''s standard by the middle of this century at the global scale.     

最小抵抗线对深孔岩石爆破块度的影响

针对最小抵抗线对深孔岩石爆破块度影响的问题,应用相似理论推导深孔岩石爆破中爆破块度与其影响因素的关系,得到小台阶模型下的相似律,并以此为依据进行了现场小台阶模型实验。通过对实验结果的分析,得到最小抵抗线对深孔岩石爆破块度的影响规律：随着抵抗线的增加,爆堆特征块度和均匀指数均增加。将此结论运用于连云港核电扩建山体爆破开挖工程,确定其最小抵抗线范围为3.5~4.5m,爆破后规格石料的成材率相比一期工程提高了23%,达到了预期效果。证明此设计合理,可为同类工程提供参考。     

数控强力旋压机的直线同步进给驱动控制

针对3D65CNC强力旋压机同步驱动过程中的两直线电机位置不同步的问题,采用变论域模糊PID控制方法对两永磁同步直线电机的位置误差进行补偿,设计了变论域模糊PID同步控制器。但单轴具有良好的伺服系统是双轴保持同步状态的重要前提,针对直线电机具有明显的非线性、不易对其进行精确的建模,采用无模型自适应控制和伪微分反馈(PDF)控制的方法对单轴直线电机进行控制。最后通过Simulink仿真证明该方案提高了同步控制的精度。     

盘式制动器的温度场及应力场分析

随着我国经济水平的提高,汽车工业逐步发达,车辆的保有量不断增加,造成交通事故的频频发生,因此汽车的安全性越来越受到人们的重视。汽车制动器由温度产生的疲劳破坏是事故频发的诱因之一。通过有限元软件Abaqus对模拟结果分析得到制动器制动过程中温度及应力分布规律,最后通过改变有限元模型及边界条件并进行对比分析得到制动盘温度的升高是产生高热应力的最主要因素且制动盘尺寸对热应力分布有着重要影响,这也为制动器结构的设计和改进及摩擦片材料的选取及研制提供了参考和理论依据。     

六自由度微重力模拟平台研究

太空环境与地面环境有着很大的不同,根据地面环境下动力学特性设计而成的机械系统在太空零重力环境下作业时会产生"动力过冲"的现象,因此太空机械系统在进入太空工作之前需要进行严格的地面微重力模拟实验以对系统的设计进行验证。针对大型昂贵空间实验目标的地面测试问题,提出了一种基于Stewart机构的混合驱动的六自由度微重力模拟实验平台,基于Kane方法建立了该实验平台的动力学方程,据此设计了面向该平台运动控制的计算力矩控制方法,并利用MATLAB/Simulink与ADAMS进行联合仿真,验证了所提出的控制方法的正确性。     

大型复杂起重机械结构三维有限元子结构模型分析

针对大型复杂的起重机械整体结构力学分析的难题,在子结构技术的基础上,建立了大型起重机械整体结构的有限元模型技术,以大型冶金铸造起重机为例详细阐述了大型复杂结构有限元模型简化原则和子结构划分方法,确保了整机的传力路线完整性,将大型冶金铸造起重机划分为三级子结构,重点突出了六大结构件,即主小车、副小车、主梁、副梁、端梁、行走结构,实现了整机三维有限元模型完整性和准确性。分析结果通过和试验、规范计算对比,应力和位移最大的误差分别为4.2%和4.9%,具有和试验一致性的结果,因此对于子结构的三维有限元模型技术方法在大型起重机械整体结构是可行的。     

硬件产品工艺设计缺陷因素分析

为了减少产品在工艺设计过程中因影响因素众多且因素之间互相影响难以很好地控制等问题而导致的工艺缺陷,基于过程方法分析了影响工艺缺陷各个设计活动阶段的影响因素,且建立了产品工艺设计缺陷因素结构关系模型。在此基础上,利用DEMATEL法对工艺缺陷活动的影响因素之间定量化分析,得出各因素的影响大小和因素之间的因果关系,以此来针对性的控制工艺设计过程中的相关影响因素。研究成果对企业预防和控制硬件产品工艺缺陷起到重要指导意义。     

盒式应变天平系统理论模型研究

有限元方法在进行盒式应变天平的动态分析时,网格要求高,计算量大,对计算机的计算能力有一定要求。若在天平的设计过程中出现改变模型的情况,或者在风洞试验中出现应变天平测力不准确的问题,都会相应的改变应变天平的有限元模型,从而造成工作过程的反复重复。针对此问题,提出并建立了与盒式应变天平系统等效的质量-弹簧-阻尼系统理论模型,建立了该理论模型的动力学微分方程。在ANSYS有限元分析的基础上,通过将二维有限元模型在三种不同的载荷加载情况下的分析数据与理论模型的计算数据进行比较,验证了该理论模型的正确性与合理性。该质量-弹簧-阻尼系统在风洞试验中具有很大的应用潜力。