基于单端正激模型的双向DC-DC变换器研究

本文对基于单端正激变换器的隔离式双向DC-DC变换器进行了研究,电路结构简洁,可应用于同步整流技术,具有高性能、成本低的优点。经过对其拓扑的分析,给出了各开关管工作时序,对正向和反向的工作原理进行了说明,结合参数设计要求,给出了电路各关键参数的选择方法,为了使变换器能够稳定有效上作,采取正向电压外环电流内环双闭环、反向电压单闭环控制的方式。最后通过试验,充分证明了该变换器的可行性和先进性。     

An efficient power flow algorithm for weakly meshed distribution systems

This paper proposes an efficient backward and forward sweep algorithm for the three-phase power flow analysis of weakly meshed distribution system. In the backward sweep, the Kirchhoff's circuit laws are firstly used to calculate each line current and the upstream bus voltage of each line or a transformer branch. Next, the linear proportional principle is applied to find the ratios of the specified (or new) and the calculated bus voltages of the decomposed real and imaginary parts of the network. The compensation method is used to break meshes and to calculate the current injections at each end bus created by breaking the mesh. A useful bus indexing scheme is also proposed to determine the updated voltages at the junction and/or terminal busses for the six decomposed networks in the forward sweep. The procedure repeats and stops after the voltage mismatch of each pair of end busses of the opened mesh and the mismatch of the calculated and specified voltages at the substation bus are less than the predefined threshold value. The proposed method is tested by three IEEE benchmark systems with meshes, and with default system data and different system conditions. Results show that the proposed algorithm is efficient, accurate, and robust in comparing with the commonly used backward/forward sweep method for weakly meshed networks.     

A comparative life cycle assessment of hybrid osmotic dilution desalination and established seawater desalination and wastewater reclamation processes

The purpose of this study was to determine the comparative environmental impacts of coupled seawater desalination and water reclamation using a novel hybrid system that consist of an osmotically driven membrane process and established membrane desalination technologies. A comparative life cycle assessment methodology was used to differentiate between a novel hybrid process consisting of forward osmosis (FO) operated in osmotic dilution (ODN) mode and seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO), and two other processes: a stand alone conventional SWRO desalination system, and a combined SWRO and dual barrier impaired water purification system consisting of nanofiltration followed by reverse osmosis. Each process was evaluated using ten baseline impact categories. It was demonstrated that from a life cycle perspective two hurdles exist to further development of the ODN-SWRO process: module design of FO membranes and cleaning intensity of the FO membranes. System optimization analysis revealed that doubling FO membrane packing density, tripling FO membrane permeability, and optimizing system operation, all of which are technically feasible at the time of this publication, could reduce the environmental impact of the hybrid ODN-SWRO process compared to SWRO by more than 25%; yet, novel hybrid nanofiltration-RO treatment of seawater and wastewater can achieve almost similar levels of environmental impact.     

Relating reverse and forward solute diffusion to membrane fouling in osmotically driven membrane processes

Osmotically driven membrane processes, such as forward osmosis (FO) and pressure retarded osmosis (PRO), are attracting increasing interest in research and applications in environment and energy related fields. In this study, we systematically investigated the alginate fouling on an osmotic membrane during FO operation using four types of draw solutions (NaCl, MgCl₂, CaCl₂ and Ca(NO₃)₂) to elucidate the relationships between reverse (from draw solution to feed solution) and forward (from feed solution to draw solution) solute diffusion, and membrane fouling. At the same water flux level (achieved by adjusting the draw solution concentration), the greatest reverse solute diffusion rate was observed for NaCl draw solution, followed by Ca(NO₃)₂ draw solution, and then CaCl₂ draw solution and MgCl₂ draw solution, the order of which was consistent with that of their solute permeability coefficients. Moreover, the reverse solute diffusion of draw solute (especially divalent cation) can change the feed solution chemistry and thus enhance membrane fouling by alginate, the extent of which is related to the rate of the reverse draw solute diffusion and its ability to interact with the foulant. The extent of fouling for the four types of draw solution followed an order of Ca(NO₃)₂ > CaCl₂ >> MgCl₂ > NaCl. On the other hand, the rate of forward diffusion of feed solute (e.g., Na⁺) was in turn promoted under severe membrane fouling in active layer facing draw solution orientation, which may be attributed to the fouling enhanced concentration polarization (pore clogging enhanced ICP and cake enhanced concentration polarization). The enhanced concentration polarization can lead to additional water flux reduction and is an important mechanism governing the water flux behavior during FO membrane fouling. Findings have significant implications for the draw solution selection and membrane fouling control in osmotically driven membrane processes.     

Tests in the fan plot for robust, diagnostic transformations in regression

The fan plot of the score statistic for transformation during the forward search is a powerful tool for detecting masked outliers that indicate an incorrect transformation. We use simulation to investigate the distribution of this statistic during the search. Data structures where the normal approximation is, and is not, satisfactory are characterised.     

塔里木盆地哈拉哈塘地区二叠系火成岩体对下伏地层地震成像影响

塔里木盆地哈拉哈塘地区二叠系发育大规模火山活动,为准确了解厚层火山岩对下伏地层地震成像的影响,在实际钻测井资料及三维地震资料的基础上,建立寒武系—白垩系简化地质模型,并采用有限差分法求解弹性波波动方程,开展波动方程正演模拟,真实还原地震成像过程,明确二叠系火成岩体对下伏地层地震成像的影响,以期对哈拉哈塘地区古生界油气勘探开发起到一定的借鉴作用。结果表明：高速、高密度的二叠系英安岩对下伏地层地震成像有屏蔽作用,下伏地层反射波振幅强度相对于覆盖区外围明显减弱;由于岩性的横向突变,致使其下伏地层的地震成像形态发生明显变形及构造异常,而并非断裂带或火山通道的地震响应;杂乱反射带及火成岩下伏区域奥陶系大型缝洞集合体波场复杂,成像速度较难准确求取,存在偏移假象,“串珠状”地震反射难以收敛。     

基于粒子群算法的6-DOF并联坐标测量机测量建模

为了求解6-DOF并联坐标测量机的位置正解（测量模型）,克服数值解法求解并联机构位置正解时解的精度易受初值的影响,建立了无约束的优化模型,并使用粒子群算法对此模型进行优化。依据并联机构的位置反解模型,给出求解6-DOF并联坐标测量机位置正解的无约束优化模型,并应用粒子群算法对该优化问题进行求解,由此可将复杂的并联坐标测量机测量建模问题转换为优化问题,从而求得位置正解。仿真结果表明：80个粒子大约经过55次的迭代运算后,收敛精度可达到0.5μm,平均运行时间约为3s。粒子群算法应用于并联坐标测量机测量建模与求解,可获得较高的计算速度和计算精度。     

Design and forward kinematics of the compliant micro-manipulator with lever mechanisms

This paper presents the forward kinematics of a five-bar compliant micro-manipulator. To overcome the limited displacement of such a flexure-based mechanism driven by piezoelectric actuators, lever mechanisms are utilized to enlarge the working range. The mechanical design of the micro-manipulator is firstly described. Mathematical formulations for the five-bar mechanism are described and the solutions are developed to decide the end-effector position in Cartesian space. The amplification factor of the lever mechanism is also derived based on the analytical solution of the four-bar linkages. The velocity of the end-effector is obtained by differentiating the forward position kinematic equation, and the local mobility index of the five-bar compliant mechanism is determined and analysed. Based on linearization of trigonometric functions and constant Jacobian matrix, numerical simulations are carried out to investigate the performance of the five-bar compliant manipulator and to determine the optimal geometric parameters for the configuration. The comparisons between the exact solution and simplified methodologies are conducted. Experiments are carried out to validate the established model and the performance of the developed micro-manipulator.     

载波混沌Newton法在并联机构位置正解中的应用

针对Logistic混沌序列在(0,1)区间内的概率分布不均匀的特点,提出了基于幂函数的Logistic自适应载波混沌映射。新映射的概率分布较均匀,具有良好的遍历性。提出了基于Logistic自适应载波混沌映射的Newton迭代算法,即应用Newton迭代法求解非线性方程组时,以具有良好遍历性的Logistic载波混沌序列作为初始点。新方法可快速求出非线性方程组的多数(甚至全部)解,且计算过程简洁、效率高。根据杆长约束条件,建立了求6-DOF对称结构6-RUS并联机器人机构位置正解的非线性方程组,并应用新方法求解该方程组。数值实例表明,新方法可快速求出并联机构的全部位置正解,且应用位置反解验证了位置正解方法的正确性。     

融合多传感器信息的数控机床故障诊断专家系统开发

建立一种通用的数控机床故障监测和诊断专家系统,允许用户采用人机交互的方式建立故障树,以产生式规则表示故障树知识,在此基础上融合多种传感器信息,实现了正反向混合推理。实验结果表明:该专家系统能够利用多种传感器信息诊断出故障原因并给出维修方案,实现了对数控机床的故障诊断。