Preparation, Microstructure and Age Hardening of Rapidly Solidified Mo-alloys

Various Mo-base alloys with high meltingtemperature were processed into ribbons andfoils by the arc melt-spinning and the arc melthammer-anvil technique. The preparation of ribbonand foil was introduced. The mechanical proper-ties, the surface topology and the microstructureof rapidly solidified Mo-base alloys containingB were examined. A strong grain refinement anda strong age-hardening response were observedon the as-quenched and the age specimens, theprecipitates which cause age hardening wereidentified to be Mo_2B in Mo-B alloys, Mo_2B andZrB_2 in Mo-Zr-B alloys, and Mo_2B and ThB_4 inMo-Th-B alloys. The results indicate that thehigh strength Mo-base alloys containing borideprecipitates can be developed by rapid solidifica-tion technique.     

Disorganized/disoriented attachment relationships in maltreated infants.

This study reanalyzed the attachment relationships of a sample of 12-month-old maltreated and nonmaltreated infants using the Main and Solomon (in press) classification system for disorganized/disoriented (Type D) attachments. As predicted, we found a preponderance of disorganized/disoriented attachments in the maltreatment group (82%). In contrast, only 19% of the demographically matched Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) comparison group exhibited such Type D relationships. Furthermore, boys were significantly more likely to be Type D than girls regardless of their maltreatment status. Results are discussed in terms of factors inherent in the maltreating environment that could contribute to the emergence of D relationships. We suggest that the study of the precursors, correlates, and sequelae of attachment in maltreatment samples would make important contributions to the validation of the new D category. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Information order and outcome framing: an assesment of judgment bias in a naturalistic decision-making context

Findings that decision makers can come to different conclusions depending on the order in which they receive information have been termed the "information order bias." When trained, experienced individuals exhibit similar behaviors; however, it has been argued that this result is not a bias, but rather, a pattern-matching process. This study provides a critical examination of this claim. It also assesses both experts' susceptibility to an outcome framing bias and the effects of varying task loads on judgment. Using a simulation of state-of-the-art ship defensive systems operated by experienced, active-duty U.S. Navy officers, we found no evidence of a framing bias, while task load had a minor, but systematic effect. The order in which information was received had a significant impact, with the effect being consistent with a judgment bias. Nonetheless, we note that pattern-matching processes, similar to those that produce inferential and reconstructive effects on memory, could also explain our results. Actual or potential applications of this research include decision support system interfaces or training programs that might be developed to reduce judgment bias.     

Global networks of genetically modified crops technology: a patent citation network analysis

Scientometrics - This paper employs the patent data of four major genetically modified (GM) crops, soybeans, cotton, maize and rapeseed, to illustratee how the innovation of GM crop technology...     

Electrophysiological and Behavioral Responses of an Ambrosia Beetle to Volatiles of its Nutritional Fungal Symbiont

Journal of Chemical Ecology - Ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) cultivate their fungal symbiont within host substrates as the sole source of nutrition on which the larvae and adults must...     

Measuring housing need and the provision of social housing

The Bramley Report (ADC, 1988), made a detailed attempt to construct a resource allocation formula for social housing provision. In this paper we stand back from the debate over the detail of the models being proposed by Bramley to consider instead the principles which underlie the modelling of housing needs and resource allocation in this context.

The measurement of housing need depends on a few key concepts; the definition of acceptable standards of accommodation, the total numbers of households, and the supply of housing of at least the required standard. Questions then arise as to which indicator should be included in a needs model and how they should be measured. Overcrowding and homelessness are likely to be included whether these indicators are chosen by consumers or by social decision‐makers. Having chosen the indicators they have to be ‘normalised’ to take account of cyclical factors in the housing market, and of the efficiency and policy stances of local authorities. After this the indicators have to be ‘weighted’, otherwise they are all of equal value. Access to owner‐occupation should not be included in the model because ability to buy is an influence on the indicators, and if so included (a key feature of Bramley's proposals) in effect leads to a double‐counting of the problems of access to owner occupation.

In the final resource allocation process there is likely to be a trade‐off between the equitable and the efficient distribution of scarce funds.     

Communicating for advantage in the virtual organization

The paper looks at the virtual organization in an electronic market environment and the different models of communication and management that may be required. The authors begin by providing some clear definitions of virtual cultures and different models of virtuality that can exist within the electronic market. Degrees of virtuality can be seriously constrained by the extent to which organizations have predefined communication linkages in the marketplace and the extent to which these can be substituted by virtual ones, but also by the intensity of virtual linkages which support the virtual model. Six virtual organizational models are proposed within a dynamic framework of change. In order to realize strategic advantage, virtual organizations must align their management models and communication processes with their virtual culture