Comparing alternative cellulosic biomass biorefining systems: Centralized versus distributed processing systems

This study explores how two different cellulosic ethanol production system configurations (distributed versus centralized processing) affect some aspects of the economic and environmental performance of cellulosic ethanol, measured as minimum ethanol selling price (MESP) and various environmental impact categories. The eco-efficiency indicator, which simultaneously accounts for economic and environmental features, is also calculated. The centralized configuration offers better economic performance for small-scale biorefineries, while the distributed configuration is economically superior for large-scale biorefineries. The MESP of the centralized configuration declines with increased biorefinery size up to a point and then rises due to the cost of trucking biomass to the biorefinery. In contrast, the MESP in the distributed configuration continuously declines with increasing biorefinery size due to the lower costs of railroad transportation and the greater economies of scale achieved at much larger biorefinery sizes, including biorefineries that reach the size of an average oil refinery—about 30,000 tons per day of feedstock. The centralized system yields lower environmental impacts for most impact categories than does the distributed system regardless of the biorefinery size. Eco-efficiency analysis shows that the centralized configuration is more sustainable for small-scale biorefineries, while the distributed configuration with railroad transport is more sustainable for large-scale biorefineries. Compared with gasoline from petroleum, cellulosic ethanol fuel offers sustainability advantages for the following environmental impact categories: fossil energy consumption, global warming, human health impacts by particulate matter, ozone layer depletion, ecotoxicity, human health cancer, and human health non-cancer, depending somewhat on the biorefinery sizes and the system configurations.     

两座90m高冷却塔控制爆破拆除

介绍了复杂环境下采用控制爆破拆除技术成功爆破拆除两座90m高冷却塔的工程实例。通过在倒塌方向塔身布置10m高卸荷槽和三角形定向窗组成的复合切口,并对预处理后冷却塔稳定性进行校核,确定合理的爆破参数和起爆网路,仅对24对人字柱实施爆破拆除,实现了冷却塔边倾倒边解体。同时采取开挖减振沟和铺设缓冲垫层等安全防护措施,使冷却塔倒塌触地振动得到有效控制,取得了理想的爆破效果,可为同类工程提供参考。     

复杂环境下危岩体爆破排险

介绍了复杂条件下危岩体的爆破排险实例.树立先加固再排险的思想,设置冗余系统,有效地避免了滚石的危害;采取合理控制单耗、小药量松动爆破、层层剥离碎石,避免了飞石,减弱了地震波;并阐述了炮孔布置、单孔装药量等参数的确定以及安全防护措施,为此类工程积累了经验.     

某锰矿采空区上方建筑物安全稳定性影响研究

某锰矿开采后形成采空区,为保证采空区上方地表村庄村民的生命财产和人身安全,研究采空区对村庄的安全稳定的影响非常重要.选取某锰矿山一典型剖面,运用"三带理论"和数值模拟分析方法,来分析该村庄在矿山采空区下的稳定性.得出可以继续开采的结论,为矿山安全生产和村民生命安全提供科学依据.     

Secure Software Configuration Management Processes for nuclear safety software development environment

The main difference between nuclear and generic software is that the risk factor is infinitely greater in nuclear software – if there is a malfunction in the safety system, it can result in significant economic loss, physical damage or threat to human life. However, secure software development environment have often been ignored in the nuclear industry. In response to the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC) revised the Regulatory Guide (RG 1.152-2006) “Criteria for use of computers in safety systems of nuclear power plants” to provide specific security guidance throughout the software development life cycle. Software Configuration Management (SCM) is an essential discipline in the software development environment. SCM involves identifying configuration items, controlling changes to those items, and maintaining integrity and traceability of them. For securing the nuclear safety software, this paper proposes a Secure SCM Processes (S²CMP) which infuses regulatory security requirements into proposed SCM processes. Furthermore, a Process Flow Diagram (PFD) is adopted to describe S²CMP, which is intended to enhance the communication between regulators and developers.     

CNG加气站初步设计及安全风险评价

CNG(压缩天然气)作为当今汽车能源的重要组成部分,凭借其污染小、经济性好、成本低等优势得到迅速推广,CNG汽车市场占有率越来越大,CNG加气站的需求量也日益增加。根据《汽车加油加气站设计与施工规范》,对某CNG加气站进行初步设计,并结合国内外CNG加气站安全风险评价技术,采取科学、系统、完善的方针,对该CNG加气站进行安全风险评价。     

Circumventing mental health stigma by embracing the warrior culture: Lessons learned from the Defender's Edge program.

Despite considerable efforts on the part of the Department of Defense, Department of Veterans Affairs, and the wider mental health community, mental health stigma continues to be a significant barrier to seeking help by service members, highlighting the need for newer modes of thought. A significant factor contributing to this stigma is the fundamental difference between traditional mental health approaches and the warrior culture. As a mental health prevention initiative, the Defender's Edge (DEFED) program was specifically developed to fit within the United States Air Force Security Forces (SF) charged with ground combat operations while deployed to Iraq. DEFED adopted a strengths-based philosophy and integrated a psychologist into the SF culture. Evaluative feedback from 192 program participants is presented, demonstrating high programmatic acceptability and feasibility suggestive of success in circumventing mental health stigma. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Population,Environment And Food Provision In Nigeria

In Nigeria, food crop production rates rarely match the phenomenal population growth rates. Of greater concern is the fact that the very densely populated States, often with limited landmass, are among the low food crop producers. Equally, disturbing is the fact that some of the low densely populated States with extensive landmass experience low per capita food crop production. The consequence is overall low food crop production and food deficiency in Nigeria as a whole, but more serious in the high population density States. The differences may be blamed on the varying prevailing physical, social and economic environment in Nigeria. To ensure food security in the country, available arable land has to be properly managed in terms of land use and cropping patterns to boost food crop production for the teaming population.     

Preventing injection attacks with syntax embeddings

Software written in one language often needs to construct sentences in another language, such as SQL queries, XML output, or shell command invocations. This is almost always done using unhygienic string manipulation, the concatenation of constants and client-supplied strings. A client can then supply specially crafted input that causes the constructed sentence to be interpreted in an unintended way, leading to an injection attack. We describe a more natural style of programming that yields code that is impervious to injections by construction. Our approach embeds the grammars of the guest languages (e.g. SQL) into that of the host language (e.g. Java) and automatically generates code that maps the embedded language to constructs in the host language that reconstruct the embedded sentences, adding escaping functions where appropriate. This approach is generic, meaning that it can be applied with relative ease to any combination of context-free host and guest languages.