Changes in forest biomass carbon stock in the Pearl River Delta between 1989 and 2003

Forest ecosystems play a significant role in maintaining climate stability at the regional and global scales as an important carbon sink.Regional forest carbon storage and its dynamic changes in the Pearl River Delta have been estimated using the continuous biomass expansion factor(BEF)method based on field measurements of forests plots in different age classes and forest inventory data of three periods(1989–1993,1994–1998,1999–2003).The results show that regional carbon storage increased by 16.76%,from 48....     

珠江三角洲典型生态系统有机含硫气体地气交换通量比较

选取珠江三角洲森林、稻田和城市草地和菜地为研究对象,运用静态箱法,测量土壤COS、DMS、CS2和DMDS通量,并分析了环境因子对含硫气体交换速率的影响。结果表明,稻田和菜地交换速率最大,城市草地次之,森林土壤交换速率最小。森林土壤吸收COS,释放DMS,有凋落物土壤气体交换速率高于无凋落物土壤,CS2和DMDS源与汇存在很大不确定性。森林COS通量受温度、土壤含水量、土壤肥力、土壤微生物和土壤呼吸的共同影响;有水稻稻田吸收COS,无水稻稻田释放COS,有水稻稻田DMS释放速率显著高于无水稻稻田。干旱稻田土壤吸收COS,水淹土壤释放COS,但DMS、CS2和DMDS释放速率两者间无显著影响;城市草地吸收COS释放DMS,CS2和DMDS存在不确定性,有草土壤COS和DMS交换速率高于无草土壤,割草前后气体释放速率无显著变化;菜地释放VOSCs,其中DMDS占75%。     

Local Area Quotas for Industrial Emissions along Reaches of the Pearl River in Guangdong

Abstract

There is an obvious departure from the regional equilibrium of developments between the upper and lower reaches of the Pearl River in Guangdong, which resulted in “the effects of contra-geography-grads development”. It is mainly because the upriver mountainous areas have been deeply stuck in industrialization delay and marginalization plights, so that nearly 40 million local people have conceived a dream to get rid of “the vicious circle of poverty” by speeding up industrial development. But the problem is that such industrialization efforts on a large scale in mountainous areas are encountering the bottleneck of environmental capacity that strictly limits industrial emissions along the upper reaches of any water system. As a solution, an institutional arrangement called “the Local Area Quotas for Industrial Emis-sions along the Pearl River” is put forward supposed to give corresponding compensation to the rights of industrial development yielded by some areas with lower environmental capacity through the distribution and trading of IDQs.     

Assessment of transboundary environmental effects in the Pearl River Delta Region: Is there a role for strategic environmental assessment?

China's EIA Law does not require transboundary proposals to be assessed, despite recognition of this globally, for example in the Espoo Convention and Kiev Protocol, and in the European EIA and SEA Directives. In a transboundary context assessment within a state is unusual, as regulating these effects is primarily about the relationship between states. However where a state has more than one legal system such as in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) Region of southern China, transboundary effects should also be addressed. Yet despite the geographical connections between Guangdong Province in mainland China (where the EIA Law applies) and the Hong Kong and Macau Special Administrative Regions (which have their own provisions, neither of which requires transboundary assessments), EIA and SEA are carried out separately. Coordinated or joint approaches to transboundary assessment are generally absent, with the legal autonomy of Hong Kong and Macau a major constraint. As a result institutional responses at the policy level have developed. The article considers global experiences with regulating transboundary EIA and SEA, and analyses potential application to land use, transport and air and water planning in the PRD Region. If applied, benefits may include prevention or mitigation of cumulative effects, broader public participation, and improvements to environmental governance. The PRD Region experience may encourage China to conduct and coordinate EIA and SEA processes with neighbouring states, which has been non-existent or extremely limited to date.     

环珠江口近地面夜间臭氧上升现象：基于垂直观测的两个个例研究

利用广州塔的O₃观测资料、风廓线雷达和转动拉曼温廓线激光雷达探测的垂直环境气象等观测资料,结合ERA5的近地面风场,对2017年5月6—7日(Case I)和2019年10月1—2日(CaseⅡ)两个典型个例从垂直混合与水平输送的角度进行特征与成因分析.O₃的垂直观测结果表明,夜间残留层可储存日间混合层内的高浓度O₃气团.从垂直混合与水平输送的分析结果表明,残留层O₃的垂直混合及高浓度O₃气团的水平输送是夜间地表O₃的重要来源：夜间存在垂直风切变或边界层抬升,均可加强O₃的垂直混合;珠三角地区背景风表现为在早上偏北风和晚上转换为偏南风,广州与佛山地表O₃浓度上升最显著.此外,夜间O₃浓度上升事件可造成夜间及凌晨O₃ 8 h滑动平均值持续高值,对空气质量和大气氧化性造成一定影响.     

珠江三角洲地区冬季硫、氮干沉降的来源解析

采用WRF-CMAQ模式对珠江三角洲地区2015年1月进行数值模拟,结合CMAQ的集成源解析方法ISAM对S、N及其干沉降的来源贡献进行分析.结果表明：珠江三角洲地区S、N干沉降量高值主要分布在广佛交界处以及珠江口附近,其逐日变化趋势主要受质量浓度变化影响,但在部分时间段受干沉降速率的影响亦相当显著.珠江三角洲区域内排放源对于S干沉降的平均贡献占比为36.2%,与其质量浓度区域内贡献占比相当,SO₂干沉降速率增加以及背景风场变弱会使区域内贡献占比增加;区域内源对于N干沉降的平均贡献占比为32.4%,远小于其质量浓度区域内贡献占比,当NO₂质量浓度减少,使得HNO₃的质量浓度和干沉降量减少时,区域内贡献占比增加.对于珠江三角洲典型城市,广州S干沉降的本地贡献为27.7%,N为14.2%;江门S干沉降的本地贡献为9.6%,N为8.8%.2个城市对比而言,广州受本地的影响较江门显著,江门受其上风方向广州和佛山两市输送的影响显著,但当背景风场减弱时,江门本地贡献会有明显增加.     

2006~2019年珠三角地区臭氧污染趋势

研究基于2006~2019年粤港澳珠江三角洲区域空气监测网络数据,利用Mann-Kendall检验法和Sen斜率法等统计方法计算了珠三角不同区域臭氧年际变化情况,并分析了变化的原因.结果表明：①2006~2019年珠三角平均臭氧浓度上升趋势显著（P<0.05）,平均增长速率为0.80 μg·（m³·a）^-1.2016年之后,臭氧平均增长速率为2.08 μg·（m³·a）^-1,臭氧浓度增速加快.②珠三角臭氧浓度变化趋势有明显的空间差异和季节差异.中部地区臭氧年均浓度增加趋势显著,外围区域臭氧增加趋势不显著;臭氧增加趋势主要集中在夏季,其他季节变化趋势不显著.③珠三角臭氧变化趋势是由前体物和气象条件共同造成的,特别与NO_x的浓度变化密切相关.2006~2019年珠三角中部区域NO₂浓度明显下降,滴定效应减弱导致臭氧浓度增加;边缘地区NO₂浓度变化较小,臭氧浓度未发生明显的改变.④随着前体物浓度的变化,珠三角臭氧生成敏感区的特征正在发生改变,VOCs控制区面积不断减少,协同控制区和NO_x控制区面积逐渐增加,区域臭氧污染防治需要加强对前体物的协同控制.     

结合外场观测分析珠三角二次有机气溶胶的数值模拟

结合2008年11月18~25日期间珠三角地区的二次有机气溶胶(SOA)外场观测数据,验证区域空气质量模式WRF/Chem(weather research and forecasting model with chemistry)中两种SOA化学机制——VBS(volatile basis set)和SORGAM(secondary organic aerosol model)对珠三角SOA的模拟效果.VBS机制考虑了更为广泛的SOA前体物和化学老化过程,SOA模拟值更接近观测值,能合理反映SOA观测值的逐天变化趋势,与观测值的平均绝对偏差和相关性分别是-4.88μg·m-3和0.91,而SORGAM机制的分别为-5.32μg·m-3和0.18.利用VBS机制模拟区域内SOA的时空分布,结果显示SOA浓度具有显著的昼夜变化特征,浓度峰值出现在中午时段.受到输送和臭氧区域分布的影响,各城市SOA浓度差异显著,下风向的城市(如中山、珠海、江门)SOA浓度较高.     

珠三角城市群人居环境高质量发展时空演化特征及影响因素

综合运用熵权法、协调度研究了2010—2019年珠三角城市群人居环境高质量发展时空演化特征,并采用障碍度分析了该城市群影响人居环境高质量发展的障碍因子。结果表明:①珠三角城市群人居环境高质量水平呈上升的态势,空间分布呈“屋脊”式格局,区域差异明显。②在人居环境高质量五大准则层中,除生态环境外,其他四大准则层均表现为波动上升态势,协调度呈现高质量低协调和低质量高协调两种差异。③公共基础服务、社会经济和居住环境对珠三角城市群人居环境高质量发展障碍度较大。     

珠江三角洲耕地土壤质量演化及其机制

通过对代表性区域的调查研究,探讨了珠江三角洲耕地土壤质量演化的趋势及其形成机制.结果表明,与第二次土壤普查时期(1980)比较,珠江三角洲耕地土壤有机质全氮稳中有降,土壤速效氮(NO_3~--N)、速效磷含量显著增加,已达丰富水平,土壤速效钾含量有所增加、但仍偏低,土壤有效镁、硼、钼仍严重缺乏,部分土壤有效硅、锰缺乏;伴随大量水田改种蔬菜、水果等经济作物而产生的耕作制度变化、利用强度增加以及相应的化学氮、磷肥料过量投入、蔬菜地施用石灰等管理措施等,是导致珠江三角洲耕地土壤有机质下降和产生新的养分非均衡化的主要影响因素.